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48 Chapter 4 Apparatus design and development occurs; e oottled dry air for initial CO2 removal tests; and • compressed moist air from a laboratory air supply for water cycling/reversing heat exchanger tests. 4.1.2.1 Instrumentation All temperature measurements were done using K type thermocouples. The temperature probes inside the vacuum vessel are in stainless steel sheaths and have grounded junctions. These were built in-house for this project. The flow rate of the boil- off of LN2 was measured using a pelton wheel turbine meter (McMillan Co.; Flo-sensor model 100-10, 4-20 l/min) or a thermal mass flow meter (Honeywell Microswitch; Microbridge mass airflow sensor AWM5101VN, 0-5 l/min), depending on the flow rate range. Since the temperature and density of the boil-off vapour change rapidly as it warms up, some precautions are necessary for flow rate measurement. In this apparatus the boil-off is passed through a length of aluminium tubing with a heater wrapped around part of it (warm up loop), to allow the temperature of the boil-off vapour to equilibrate with room temperature prior to flow rate measurement. The working fluid flow rate in the MHE was measured using a variable area flowmeter. A piezoresistive pressure transducer (Motorola; MPX5050DP, 0-50kPa) was used to measure the pressure drop across the MHE. The level of liquid nitrogen in the baths is controlled using a level controller based on a temperature sensitive BSY38 transistor. The level controllers were built in- house based on a design from the Physics Department at this University. Data acquisition is done using a Universal Pulse Processor I/O board (designed and built by J.Murphy, Tec1mician, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering) which plugs into an 8 bit ISA slot in a Pc. This provides analog to digital conversion (aid), 20 analog input channels and 32 digital i/o channels. It is interfaced with a 16 channel multiplexer and amplifier board (Advantech; PCLD-889) and other purpose built electronics to allow data to be recorded on a IBM XT personal computer. The programmable digital outputs allow control of cross-over valve actuation. The program written for data acquisition and process control is listed in appendix B. 4.1.3 Aspects of rig performance The performance of the heat exchanger test apparatus has considerable effect on the tests. Some aspects of the performance of this rig are discussed in this section. 4.1.3.1 Ultimate vacuum and heat leak The vacuum vessel containing the heat exchange apparatus can be evacuated to 10-4 torr by the vacuum pumping system (Edwards; Speedivac 203B and ISC50B). WhenPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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