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4.1 Apparatus for heat exchanger testing 49 the LN2 baths are filled, the guard vessel acts as a cryopump, and the pressure in the vessel is reduced to 10"6 torr. The total heat leak into the vacuum vessel was measured by the boil-off from the LN2 baths. The LN2 baths are at the lowest temperature inside the vessel and so form the final heat sink. The measured heat leak from the inner bath during test conditions was ~2W. 4.1.3.2 Cross-over valves The design operating temperature ranges for the two MHE's are; room temperature to ~-73°C, and -73°C to -160°C. The cross-over valve located between the H20-MHE and the C02-MHE, began to leak during initial testing, at a temperature of about -15°C. The leak rate was higher than the vessel vacuum system could pump, and the pressure in the vessel would rise rapidly. The leak could be alleviated by allowing the temperature of the valve to rise. By tightening the gland packing and applying silicone vacuum grease to the valve stem, a temperature of -60°C could be maintained with no leak. When the valve was operated it began to leak at a temperature of -40°C. No appropriate cross~over valve designed for cryogenic service was readily available. During testing the temperature at this valve was limited to -60°C for the tests not involving its operation. For the testing concerning reversing heat exchanger operation the temperature at this valve was limited to -40°C. 4.1. 3.3 Cross-over valve actuator The pneumatic actuator used for the cross-over valves is sealed using O-rings. During testing it cools slowly losing heat by conduction through the cross-over valves to the working fluid which may be at temperatures as low as -60°C. It also loses heat by radiation to the LN2 baths. During initial testing it was found that this actuator would become in-operable, and leak. The actuator temperature during these tests would drop as low as -35°C over 3Yz hours. It was thought to become in-operable as a result of the water in the pneumatic air supply freezing. Operating it using compressed N2 instead of air alleviated the freezing and it remained operable at low temperatures, but it still leaked. In the absence of any other suitable actuator, a heating arrangement was installed and this actuator was heated to keep it from freezing and leaking. With this provision it did not leak, provided it was maintained above -10°C. 4.1. 3.4 Additional cool-down circuit In the single heat exchanger test configuration, the initial cool-down ofthe matrix heat exchanger was achieved by directing most of the flow of gaseous nitrogen through the LN2-HX until the prescribed cold end temperature was achieved. For the double heat exchanger configuration, the cool-down was initially attempted the same way as for the single heat exchanger. It was thought that the two heat exchangers in series would act,PDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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