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5.4 MHE construction evaluation 69 The heat exchangers have been used at pressures of up to 4 bar. None of these factors has resulted in any leaks or any other visible degradation of their construction. 5.5 CO2 removal from dry bottled air 5.5.1 Test format The effectiveness tests on a single heat exchanger, and two heat exchangers with the cross-over valves in place, showed that the pre-requisite effectiveness for the CO2 removal process can be achieved. CO2 removal tests were carried out on dry bottled air. Inlet and outlet stream CO2 concentration was measured using a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer set-up and continuous sampling system used has been described in chapter four. No flow switching was necessary because dry air was used for these tests. Dry gaseous nitrogen was used to effect the cool-down so that no mass transfer occurred in the transient stage. Once steady state was established the gas flow was switched from nitrogen to dry air. The pressure drop between the inlet and outlet was monitored for the effect of CO2 deposition. All the tests were done at the design flow rate of 70l/min. 5.5.2 Trace CO2 analysis 5.5.2.1 CO2 concentration calculation The mass spectrometer is used for quantitative analysis on the basis of there being a linear relationship between the concentration of a component of a gas mixture and its characteristic peak height. This peak height is the recorded ion current for a particular mass to charge ratio (rnle) ion. The specific geometry and tuning (acceleration potential etc.) of a mass spectrometer effect the absolute intensity of the recorded ion current for any ion species. For this work, a gas mixing facility of the required accuracy to obtain absolute sensitivities of the mass spectrometer for the gases of interest was not available. Quantitative analysis may be done using relative ion current measurements. For a given electron accelerating voltage (eV) in the ion source the relative sensitivities of various ions are related to their ionization cross section only. Ionization cross sections for various substances have been measured and are available in listings such as that given by Kiser[104:Appendix III]. A mixture may therefore be analyzed by measuring the peak heights of all the components relative to one component assignedPDF Image | CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2
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