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Processes 2021, 9, 528 10 of 14 Table 2. Comparison of oxygen permeation fluxes of different oxygen permeable membranes. Materials SrSc0.05 Co0.95 O3-δ Ce0.85 Sm0.15 O1.925 - Sm0.6 Sr0.4 Al0.3 Fe0.7 O3- δ 60 wt.%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.5Co0.5O3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.8Nd0.2O2-δ- 40 wt.%Nd0.5Sr0.5Al0.2Fe0.8O3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe1-xAlxO3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1Fe0.05O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1Co0.05O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1Ni0.05O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ 60 wt.%Ce0.85Pr0.1Cu0.05O2-δ- 40 wt.%Pr0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Al0.2O3-δ Thickness (mm) 0.91 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Temperature (◦C) 900 950 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 JO2 (mL cm−2 min−1) (Sweeping Gas: He) 3.10 0.50 1.08 1.00 0.77 0.82 0.87 0.82 1.05 Ref. [53] [54] [55,58] [55,56] [33] This work This work This work This work Subsequently, we carried out the long-time oxygen permeability test for the optimal CPCu-PSFA membrane in the range of 900–1000 ◦C. Encouragingly, CPCu-PSFA composite membrane still maintains both high oxygen flux and acceptable stability in CO2 environ- ment. As illustrated in Figure 7, during the first 40 h of the test, the oxygen permeability increases with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is stable at 1000 ◦C, the JO2 also stabilizes at the level of about 1.05 mL min−1 cm−2. When the sweep gas is changed from He to CO2, the oxygen permeation flux decreases first in a cliff-like manner, because the adsorption of CO2 reduces the surface exchange rate of O2. Similar phenomena have been reported in other reports [59,60]. Then, the oxygen permeation rate remains unchanged at about 0.72 mL min−1 cm−2 until the temperature begins to drop. In the end, the CPCu-PSFA membrane works stably in CO2 environment for 100 h until we stopped the test. Moreover, XRD analysis was performed on all CPM-PSFA membranes after oxygen permeability. As shown in Figure 8, no impurities are found in the CPM-PSFA membranes after long-term oxygen permeability test. In general, CPM-PSFA membranes not only Processes 2021, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 14 exhibit excellent oxygen permeability but also exhibit good CO2-tolerance stability, which makes it possible for further application in the oxy-fuel process. Figure7.. OxygenperrmeeaattiionflfluuxxeessooffCCPPCCuu-P-PSFSAFAmmemembrbarnaeneasaas faufnucnticotnioonfotifmtiem. Ce.oCndointidointi:on: −−1 −1 −11 150mLminin airasthefeedgas,49mLmiin HeeandCO2 aasstthesweepgas,and1mLmin Neeaass an internal standard gas. Membrane thickness: 0.6 mm. an internal standard gas. Membrane thickness: 0.6 mm. 2PDF Image | CO2-Tolerant Oxygen Permeation Membranes
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