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Chapter 2 Dimensionally stable N-PE composite membranes for DMFC applications Swelling degree (SD) Membranes were dried in the vacuum oven at 30°C for 1 day and then im- mersed in ultra pure water or methanol solutions of various concentrations. The weight, thickness and the area of the wet (Valuewet) and the dry (Val- uedry) samples were measured. The SD of the membrane was calculated us- ing: ⎛Value −Value ⎞ SD(%)=⎜ wet dry ⎟.100, (2) Methanol permeability A two compartment diffusion cell was used for the methanol permeability experiments. Prior to all experiments, the membrane was equilibrated in ultra pure water for 24h. Then it was clamped between the two cell com- partments. One compartment was filled with ultra pure water and the other with methanol solution. Both sides were stirred and the temperature was controlled at 25°C. Samples were taken from both compartments at various times and analyzed by GC (Shimadzu 2010, with a Hayesep Q 80/100 col- umn). The methanol permeability, P [cm2/s], and the diffusivity, D [cm2/s], were calculated using the equations: CB(t).VB .l (CA(t)−CB(t)).A l2 t0 =6D ⎝ Valuedry ⎠ =P.(t−t ), (3) 0 where CB [mol/L] and CA [mol/L] are concentrations in the water and methanol compartments respectively, VB [L] is the volume of the water com- partment, l [m] is the thickness of the wet membrane, A [m2] is the surface area of the membrane, t [s] is the time and t0 is the time lag, for the permea- tion of methanol through the membrane. 18 (4)PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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