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Chapter 2 Dimensionally stable N-PE composite membranes for DMFC applications Proton conductivity The proton conductivity measurements were performed by impedance spec- troscopy in a home-made cell. Prior to all experiments, the membrane was equilibrated in ultra pure water or various methanol solutions from 1M to 10M for 24h. The cell has Teflon interior with two circular gold electrodes, with surface area of 0.28cm2. Both electrodes are connected with two wires, one for carrying the current and one for acting as potential probe. The cell was connected to a frequency response analyzer (Solatron 1255). A mem- brane sample was sandwiched between the gold electrodes and the resis- tance through the plane was measured. The impedance spectrum was measured in the frequency range 100Hz – 0.2MHz with a potential of 0.01V at 25°C and 100% relative humidity. The resistance value associated with the membrane conductivity was determined from the high frequency inter- cept of the impedance with the real axis. The conductivity was calculated using the equation: σ=l, R.Ae (5) where, σ is the proton conductivity of the membrane [S/cm], R is the mem- brane resistance [Ω] and Ae is the surface area of the electrodes [cm2]. 2.4. Fabrication of membrane-electrode assemblies E-TEK commercial electrodes were used to fabricate the membrane- electrode assemblies (MEAs). Both anode and cathode contain 5 mg/cm2 Pt- Ru and Pt, respectively. The geometric area of each electrode was 6.25cm2. The MEAs were prepared by hot pressing of the anode and cathode on both sides of the membrane at 2, 10 and 29 bar for 3-5 minutes at 120-125°C. 2.5. Single cell DMFC performance The performance of the MEAs was evaluated using a DMFC set-up con- structed by the Energy Research Centre (ECN, The Netherlands). The MEA was clamped between two graphite blocks. A serpentine flow pattern is etched in each of the graphite blocks to provide fuel to the MEA. Both graphite blocks were connected with electrical wires to an adjustable elec- 19PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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