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Chapter 2 Dimensionally stable N-PE composite membranes for DMFC applications trical load. The cell was thermostated with a heating bath and the tempera- ture of the cell was measured with a thermocouple. The methanol solution was fed to the anode at flow rates of 20 ml/min and dry oxygen was fed to the cathode at flow rates of 75 ml/min and back pressure of 2 bar. The temperature of the cell was kept at 80°C. Polarization curves were measured by applying different currents and measuring the correspondent cell volt- ages. The current was increased step by step till the cell voltage became zero. The equilibration time between the measured points was at least 30 seconds and the difference between the voltages in the last two seconds of each point was less than 1mV. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. SEM study of N-PE composite membrane Figure 1 shows SEM image of the cross-section of N-PE composite mem- brane. It seems that the N-PE membrane consists of an impregnated middle layer of 13-15μm and two layers of pure conductive polymer at the top and bottom (~5μm). The porosity of the pure Solupor® film is 85% according to the manufacturer. The porosity of the middle layer of the N-PE composite membrane is obtained by subtracting, weight and volume of the top and bottom Nafion® layer using eq. 1 and it is 27%. This indicates that the im- pregnation is rather incomplete and air might be trapped in the non-filled pores of the substrate. Figure 1. SEM images of cross-section of N-PE composite membrane. 20PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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