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Chapter 3 Impregnated membranes for DMFCs at high methanol concentrations stay constant and most importantly is very low (5-10%). Even at 10M methanol concentration the dimensional stability of composite membranes is high; the PE support effectively suppresses swelling in the area direction. For comparison, the swelling by area of N117 membrane is much higher than SPPEK and SPPEK-PE membranes at high concentrations and it is in the range of 40%. The N-PE shows a significantly low swelling in the area direction, like SPPEK1.4-PE composite membrane, even at high methanol concentrations and it is about 5% [13]. 50 40 30 20 50 40 30 20 (a)Weight SPPEK1.6-PE SPPEK1.4-PE (b) Area SPPEK1.6 SPPEK1.4 SPPEK1.6-PE SPPEK1.4-PE SPPEK1.6 SPPEK1.4 10 10 00 Methanol concentration [M] 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 Methanol concentration [mol/l] Figure 4. Swelling degrees (a) by weight and (b) area as a function of methanol concentration. 3.3. Methanol permeability High methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode is detrimental to the fuel cell performance as it reduces the efficiency and cell voltage. Figure 5a and 5b show methanol permeabilities of pure and composite SPPEK membranes in comparison to N117 and N-PE membranes [13] as a function of methanol concentration. SPPEK and SPPEK-PE membranes have one order of magnitude lower methanol permeability than N117 and N-PE membranes. This is an advantage of these membranes, because the efficiency losses caused by methanol crossover are expected to be much lower. We think that the difference in methanol transport between the two cases is due to the difference in chemical structures of Nafion and SPPEK polymers. The 44 SD[%] SD [%]PDF Image | Development of membrane materials for direct methanol fuel cells
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