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I. Literature review 1. The promise of fuel cells Fuels cells do not store electricity but produce it directly from fuel. They simply need to be fed with fuel and oxygen to work. That is why they have undeniable advantages over regular batteries such as increased operating time, reduced weight and ease of recharging. Besides, most of the world’s energy comes from burning fossil fuels in low efficiency processes. The wide application range of fuel cells could also provide an alternative to these processes both for stationary and transportation applications. The state of the art fuel cells are based on proton exchange membranes (PEM). The PEM fuel cells are the most promising fuel cells and show excellent performance when fed with hydrogen. However, production, storage and use of hydrogen are still a key limitation. Further, its performance is severely affected by poisoning species in hydrogen. 2. The promises of direct methanol Fuel Cell a. Advantages Methanol releases six protons and electrons per molecule during its oxidation. Its high energy density makes from methanol a suitable fuel for fuel cells [1]. DMFC works at low and intermediate temperatures (up to 150oC) and are fed with a dilute aqueous solution of methanol in water. Cells operation in gas phase also gives good performance. Actually, the higher temperature enhances kinetics and methanol crossover is lowered with a gas phase feed. However, need for vaporization may be a limitation for some applications. b. Environmental concerns Fuel Cells are considered as environmentally friendly as they do not produce toxic byproducts. However, they are not emission-free. They still produce carbon dioxide - 14 -PDF Image | Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) Performance
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