PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
Abstract: Direct urea fuel cells (DUFCs) have recently drawn increased attention as sustainable power generation devices because of their considerable advantages. Nonetheless, the kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reaction, particularly the electrochemical oxidation and oxygen reduc- tion reaction (ORR), in direct urea fuel cells are slow and hence considered to be inefficient. To overcome these disadvantages in DUFCs, Pd nanoparticles loaded onto Co3O4 supported by multi- walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT) were employed as a promising cathode catalyst for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode in DUFCs. Co3O4@MWCNT and Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT were synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. A Pd/MWCNT catalyst was also prepared and evaluated to study the effect of Co3O4 on the performance of the Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT catalyst. A current density of 13.963 mA cm−2 and a maximum power density of 2.792 mW cm−2 at 20 ◦C were obtained. Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT is a prospectively effective cathode catalyst for DUFCs. The dilution of Pd with non-precious metal oxides in adequate amounts is economically conducive to highly practical catalysts with promising electrocatalytic activity in fuel cell applications. Keywords: Pd nanoparticles; noble metals; oxygen reduction reaction; transitional metal oxide; non-Pt catalysts; cathodic urea fuel cell catalysts 1. Introduction Recently, there has been a significant surge in attention paid to energy resources, especially renewable energy. The need to find a source of clean sustainable energy in the near future is becoming imperative. One of the best candidates is fuel cells, which do not produce any pollutants as byproducts [1,2]. Urea or urine, as a hydrogen carrier, can be used for global electricity generation, because these substances are abundant with high energy density (16.9 MJ L−1 in the liquid state) and are non-flammable, non-toxic, and biodegradable. In particular, urea and urine fuels are popularly used as low-cost resources, which are prominent for large-scale use in renewable energy. Moreover, they are safe for storage and transportation in the long run [3]. Over the past decade, the direct urea fuel cell (DUFC), as a sustainable power generation device, has been extensively studied because of these undeniable strengths. Nonetheless, the kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reactions, particularly electrochemical oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, in direct urea fuel cells are sluggish; hence, improving the efficiency and performance of these reactions by utilizing highly active noble metals such as platinum has been considered [4,5]. In the DUFC, the electro-oxidation of urea occurs at the anode side, and the electro- reduction reaction of oxygen occurs at the cathode side. The operating process for the DUFC in an alkaline membrane electrolyte is represented by the following reactions [3]: nanomaterials Article Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT Composites for Cathodes in Direct Urea Fuel Cells Nguyen-Huu-Hung Tuyen 1, Hyun-Gil Kim 2,* and Young-Soo Yoon 1,* Citation: Tuyen,N.-H.-H.;Kim, H.-G.; Yoon, Y.-S. Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT Composites for Cathodes in Direct Urea Fuel Cells. Nanomaterials 2021, 11,1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nano11041017 Academic Editor: Marius Dobromir Received: 11 March 2021 Accepted: 13 April 2021 Published: 16 April 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; nguyenhhtuyen@gmail.com ATF Technology Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea 2 * Correspondence: hgkim@kaeri.re.kr (H.-G.K.); benedicto@gachon.ac.kr (Y.-S.Y.) Cathode reaction: O2 + 2H2O + 4e− → 4OH− E0 = +0.40 V Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11041017 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterialsPDF Image | Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior
PDF Search Title:
Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic BehaviorOriginal File Name Searched:
nanomaterials-11-01017.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |