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A/m2. The significant increase in free chlorine concentration produced using RO water as the electrode source is contributed to the chloride concentration that is left behind after the desalinization of the seawater by the RO unit. As the RO water passes through the anode the chloride is oxidized at the anode as shown in equation 18. This chloride content also attributes to the higher conductivity measured for this electrode water source. The combined pH of the effluent solutions for each polarity cycle as a function of applied current density measured between 9.7 and 10 (Table 3). At this pH the hypochlorous acid produced at the anode will dissociate to hypochlorite upon mixing of the effluent streams as shown in equation 20. Since both electrode water sources produced combined effluents measuring far more free chlorine than allowable for discharge by state regulations, methods must be used to reduce the chlorine residual in the anode stream. Based on the operation of outdoor swimming pools, UV. light is known to significantly impact free chlorine by photolysis. In a study in which UV. disinfection was employed in water chlorinated upstream of the UV disinfection unit, it was reported that the higher the UV dose applied the greater the chlorine dose that was required to keep a fixed chlorine concentration in the effluent water. At the highest UV dose of 4,825 mJ/cm2 used, the chlorine demand was about five times that obtained without UV light applied [15]. Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite are photodegraded by UV light as follows: 2HOCl + hv (UV photons) 2HCl + O2 (21) OCl- + hv (UV photons) 2Cl- + O2 (22) Figure 9 shows the free chlorine concentration of the combined effluents is the highest for E- CEM effluents produced at the highest current density of 612 A/m2 applied to the module for both electrode water sources RO (closed symbols) and KW-city (open symbols). In these evaluations two different UV sources (750 mJ/cm2 and 1,500 mJ/cm2) were used to treat the anode effluent. Free chlorine was measured every five minutes for four polarity cycles. During two cycles free chlorine was measured without exposure to UV and the average results of these two cycles are compared to the average of two cycles measured after exposure to UV in Figure 10. The average of two polarity cycles run at a flowrate of 60 gpd (227 L/day) produced as high as 107 mg/L of free chlorine and an average of 76 mg/L over a twenty minute cycle (solid circles). At this electrode flowrate the anode was passed through the 750 mJ/cm2 UV source and the highest free chloride measured was 50 mg/L and the average over a twenty minute cycle (open circles) was reduced by 61% to 30 mg/L. 18PDF Image | Extraction CO2 H2 in Seawater Electrolytic Cation Exchange
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