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Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)

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Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition) ( fuel-cell-handbook-seventh-edition )

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Figure 3-8 Figure 3-9 Figure 3-10 Figure 3-11 Figure 3-12 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 Figure 4-6 Figure 4-7 Figure 4-8 Figure 4-9 Figure 4-10 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 5-6 Figure 5-7 Figure 5-8 Figure 6-1 Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3 Influence of O2 Pressure on PEFC Performance (93°C, Electrode Loadings of 2 mg/cm2 Pt, H2 Fuel at 3 Atmospheres) [(56) Figure 29, p. 49]................... 3-15 Cell Performance with Carbon Monoxide in Reformed Fuel (56) .................... 3-16 Typical Process Flow Diagram Showing Major Components of Direct Hydrogen PEFC System .................................................................................... 3-17 Schematic of Major Unit Operations Typical of Reformer-Based PEFC Systems. ............................................................................................................. 3-18 Comparison of State-of-the-Art Single Cell Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Data (58) ............................................................................................................ 3-21 Principles of Operation of H2/O2 Alkaline Fuel Cell, Immobilized Electrolyte (8) ...................................................................................................... 4-4 Principles of Operation of H2/Air Alkaline Fuel Cell, Circulating Electrolyte (9) ...................................................................................................... 4-4 Evolutionary Changes in the Performance of AFCs (8, 12, & 16) ...................... 4-8 Reversible Voltage of the Hydrogen-Oxygen Cell (14) ...................................... 4-9 Influence of Temperature on O2, (air) Reduction in 12 N KOH. ...................... 4-10 Influence of Temperature on the AFC Cell Voltage.......................................... 4-11 Degradation in AFC Electrode Potential with CO2 Containing and CO2 Free Air .............................................................................................................. 4-12 iR-Free Electrode Performance with O2 and Air in 9 N KOH at 55 to 60°C. Catalyzed (0.5 mg Pt/cm2 Cathode, 0.5 mg Pt-Rh/cm2 Anode) Carbon-based Porous Electrodes (22) ....................................................................................... 4-13 iR Free Electrode Performance with O2 and Air in 12N KOH at 65 °C............ 4-14 Reference for Alkaline Cell Performance .......................................................... 4-15 Principles of Operation of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (Courtesy of UTC Fuel Cells) ............................................................................................................ 5-2 Improvement in the Performance of H2-Rich Fuel/Air PAFCs ........................... 5-6 Advanced Water-Cooled PAFC Performance (16).............................................. 5-8 Effect of Temperature: Ultra-High Surface Area Pt Catalyst. Fuel: H2, H2 + 200 ppm H2S and Simulated Coal Gas (37) .............................................. 5-14 Polarization at Cathode (0.52 mg Pt/cm2) as a Function of O2 Utilization, which is Increased by Decreasing the Flow Rate of the Oxidant at Atmospheric Pressure 100 percent H3PO4, 191°C, 300 mA/cm2, 1 atm. (38) ... 5-15 Influence of CO and Fuel Gas Composition on the Performance of Pt Anodes in 100 percent H3PO4 at 180°C. 10 percent Pt Supported on Vulcan XC-72, 0.5 mg Pt/cm2. Dew Point, 57°. Curve 1, 100 percent H2; Curves 2-6, 70 percent H2 and CO2/CO Contents (mol percent) Specified (21) ........... 5-18 Effect of H2S Concentration: Ultra-High Surface Area Pt Catalyst (37).......... 5-19 Reference Performances at 8.2 atm and Ambient Pressure. Cells from Full Size Power Plant (16)......................................................................................... 5-22 Principles of Operation of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (FuelCell Energy)....... 6-2 Dynamic Equilibrium in Porous MCFC Cell Elements (Porous electrodes are depicted with pores covered by a thin film of electrolyte) ............................ 6-4 Progress in the Generic Performance of MCFCs on Reformate Gas and Air (12,13)..........................................................................................................6-6 ix

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