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accomplish this is almost a given, a system start-up time of about ten minutes or less will likely be required to arrive at a reasonable overall package. Finally, fuel cell APUs are quiet and clean. These attributes may well be the key competitive advantages that fuel cell APUs have over conventional APUs, and hence their performance may more than match that of internal combustion engines’ APUs. Technology Status Active technology development efforts in both PEFC and planar SOFC technology, driven primarily by interest in distributed generation and automotive propulsion markets, have achieved significant progress. For distributed power applications, refined and even early commercial prototypes are being constructed. However, in the case of planar SOFC a distinction must be made between different types of SOFC technologies. Neither the tubular nor the electrolyte- supported SOFC technology is suitable for APU applications due to their very high operating temperature, large size and heavy weight. Only the electrode-supported planar SOFC technology may be applicable to APU applications. Since it has only been developed over the past decade, as opposed to several decades for PEFC and other SOFC technologies, it is not developed as far, although it appears to be catching up quickly (See Figure 1-10). Research & Development Initial System Prototypes Demonstration Refined Prototypes Commercial Prototypes Production Market Entry Planar SOFC (APU) Planar SOFC (Residential) PEM (APU) PEM (Residential) Figure 1-10 Stage of development for fuel cells for APU applications Fuel cell APU applications could benefit significantly from the development of distributed generation systems, especially from residential-scale systems, because of the similarity in size and duty cycle. However, distributed generation systems are designed mostly for operation on natural gas, and do not face as stringent weight and volume requirements as APU applications. As a result, fuel cell APUs are in the early system prototype stage. Several developers, including Nuvera, Honeywell, and Plug Power are actively developing residential PEFC power systems. Most of the PEFC system technology can be adapted for APU application, except that a fuel processor capable of handling transportation fuels is required. However, most of the players in the residential PEFC field are also engaged in developing PEFC 1-26PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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