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The load requirements for auxiliary power applications require smaller fuel cell stacks. The heat losses for a SOFC stack operating at a smaller power duty are a larger proportion of the gross rating than in a stationary power application. Insulation required for specified skin temperature requirements could conceivably result in a large fraction of the total system volume. Integration of the high temperature components is important in order to reduce the system volume and insulation requirements. SOFC APU systems will require inexpensive, high performance insulation materials to decrease both system volume and cost. Cost Considerations As for any new class of product, total cost of ownership and operation of fuel cells will be a critical factor in their commercialization, along with the offered functionality and performance. This total cost of ownership typically has several components for power systems such as fuel cells. These components include fuel cost, other operating costs such as maintenance cost, and the first cost of the equipment. This first cost has a significant impact on fuel cells’ competitiveness. The main component of a fuel cell’s first cost is the manufacturing cost, which is strongly related to the physical configuration and embodiment of the system, as well as to the manufacturing methods used. System configuration and design, in turn, are directly related to the desired system functionality and performance, while the manufacturing methods are strongly linked to the anticipated production volume. Arthur D. Little carried out cost structure studies for a variety of fuel cell technologies for a wide range of applications, including SOFC tubular, planar, and PEFC technologies. Because phenomena at many levels of abstraction have a significant impact on performance and cost, they developed a multi-level system performance and cost modeling approach (see Figure 1-13). At the most elementary level, it includes fundamental chemical reaction/reactor models for the fuel processor and fuel cell as one-dimensional systems. C3H8 C3H7 H OO MM Reformer model Fuel Cell Model Figure 1-13 14 15 13 9 8 10 2 1 11 5 12 53" 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 NG2000 H2 NG3000 H2 NG2000 ref NG3000 ref Thermodynamic System Model 46" 67 4 60" Conceptual Design and Configuration Manufacturing Cost Model $/kW Anode PowAdneordPerep Tape Cast Slip Cast Electrolyte SEmlaelPcl trPreooplywtdeer VPSalacpsuramuyma SPcrienetn Slurry Spray Fabrication BlSanlikciing/ Sin1t4e0r0inCAir Interconnect F o r mo f i n g Interconnect QChLeecakk S h e a r Interconnect Cathode SmCaalPlthrPeoopdweder SPcreinetn VPSalacpsuramuyma Slpurrary P a i n o t n B t o r a z e Interconnect Sinter in Air B r a z e Finish Edges Stack Assembly 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 current density (A/cm2) Note: Alternative production processes appear in gray to the bottom of actual production processes assumed Multilevel system modeling approach Each detailed sub-model feeds into the thermodynamic system model, and provides sizing information directly to the conceptual design. The thermodynamic system model provides a 1-30 Illustrative cell potential (V)PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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