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Value-in-Use Models Application Models Thermodynamic System Models 3-D Cell / Stack Models 1-D Cell Models Electrode Models The sub-sections following describe examples of each type of model and provide some insight into their uses. Khaleel (8) and Fleig (9) provide useful overviews of the active developers in fuel cell modeling at different levels of aggregation, in particular for SOFC applications. 2.7.1 Value-in-UseModels Value-in-use models are mathematical models that allow the user to predict how the unique features of fuel cells will create value or benefits in a given application. Since such models are usually highly application-specific, two examples are provided rather than an exhaustive review. A typical model of this type would be an economic model that helps the user to predict the cost savings resulting from the installation of a fuel cell CHP system in a building. Inputs usually include building specifications and use, climate information, performance and cost characteristics of the fuel cell CHP system, and applicable utility rate structures. Generally, only a high-level description of the fuel cell system is embedded, representing the efficiency and emissions versus load curves. The models are then used, for example, to evaluate the cost- effectiveness of a fuel cell CHP system or compare it with other CHP options. DOE has Building Energy Cost Model • Well-to-wheels / busbar models • Economic models • Building energy models • Vehicle drive-cycle models • PFD models • Spreadsheet models • CFD-based models • Structural models • Spreadsheet 1-D models • Finite volume / difference 1-D cell models • Continuum electrode models • Multi-particle models • Local current density distribution models • Micro-kinetic models Building c haracteri sti cs Hour-by-hour loads Electric SH WH Weather data 46" 14 15 13 9 8 10 2 1 11 5 67 4 60" 12 53" 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 NG2000 H2 C3H8 0 0.2 0.4 current density (A/cm2) NG3000 H2 NG2000 ref 1.2 1.4 NG3000 ref 0.6 0.8 1 C3H7 O O H M M Figure 2-9 Overview of Levels of Fuel Cell Models. 2-26 Illustrative cell potential (V)PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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