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Figure 5-2 Improvement in the Performance of H2-Rich Fuel/Air PAFCs a -1977: 190 °C, 3 atm, Pt loading of 0.75 mg/cm2 on each electrode (13) b -1981: 190 °C, 3.4 atm, cathode Pt loading of 0.5 mg/cm2 (14) c - 1981: 205 °C, 6.3 atm, cathode Pt loading of 0.5 mg/cm2 (14) d -1984: 205 °C, 8 atm, electro-catalyst loading was not specified (15) e -1992: 205 °C, 8 atm, 10 ft2 short stack, 200 hrs, electro-catalyst loading not specified (16) f - 1992: 205 °C, 8 atm, subscale cells, electro-catalyst loading not specified (16) 5.1.2 DevelopmentComponents Phosphoric acid electrode/electrolyte technology has reached a level of maturity at which developers commit resources for commercial capacity, multi-unit demonstrations and pre- prototype installations. UTC Fuel Cells has 25 (200 kW) atmospheric pressure power plants that have operated between 30,000 to 40,000 hours. Most cell parts are graphite, and there has been no electrolyte replacement over the cell life of 40,000 hours. Grid-independent units undergo extensive cycling. Cell components are manufactured at scale and in large quantities, demonstrating confidence that predicted performance will be met (3). However, further increases in power density and reduced cost are needed to achieve economic competitiveness with other energy technologies, as expressed in the early 1990s (17, 18). Fuel cell developers continue to address these issues. In 1992, UTC Fuel Cells' predecessor, International Fuel Cells, completed a government- sponsored, advanced water-cooled PAFC development project to improve the performance and reduce the cost of both its atmospheric and pressurized technology for both on-site and utility 5-6PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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