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separate porous plates with ribbed channels are used to direct gas flow. In a cell stack, the impervious plate is subdivided into two parts, and each joins one of the porous plates. The electrolyte vaporizes so that a portion of H3PO4 escapes from the cell in the air stream over time. An electrolyte reservoir plate (ERP), made of porous graphite, provides enough electrolyte to achieve a 40,000-hour cell life goal (there is no electrolyte replacement). The ERP also accommodates increases in electrolyte volume due to an increase in H2O, so the porous graphite electrodes don’t flood. These fluctuations in electrolyte volume occur during start-up and during transient operation. The porous structure, which allows rapid gas transport, is also used to store additional acid to replenish the supply lost by evaporation during the cell operating life. In PAFC stacks, provisions must be included to remove heat generated during cell operation. In practice, heat has been removed by either liquid (two-phase water or a dielectric fluid) or gas (air) coolants that are routed through cooling channels located (usually about every fifth cell) in the cell stack. Liquid cooling requires complex manifolds and connections, but better heat removal is achieved than with air-cooling. The advantage of gas cooling is its simplicity, reliability, and relatively low cost. However, the size of the cell is limited, and the air-cooling passages must be much larger than the liquid- cooling passages. Improvements in state-of-the-art phosphoric acid cells are illustrated by Figure 5-2. Performance by the ~1 m2 (10 ft2) short stack, (f), results in a power density of nearly 0.31 W/cm2. 5-5PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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