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64.7 psia) produces a reduction in acid concentration to 97 percent, and a decrease of about 0.001 ohm in the resistance of a small six cell stack (350 cm2 electrode area). 5.2.2 EffectofTemperature Figure 2-1 shows that the reversible cell potential for PAFCs consuming H2 and O2 decreases as the temperature increases by 0.27 mV/°C under standard conditions (product is water vapor). However, as discussed in Section 2, an increase in temperature has a beneficial effect on cell performance because activation polarization, mass transfer polarization, and ohmic losses are reduced. The kinetics for the reduction of oxygen on Pt improves16 as the cell temperature increases. At a mid-range operating load (~250 mA/cm2), the voltage gain (∆VT) with increasing temperature of pure H2 and air is correlated by ∆VT (mV) = 1.15 (T2 - T1) (°C) (5-6) Data suggest that Equation (5-6) is reasonably valid for a temperature range of 180 °C < T < 250 °C (356 °F < T < 482 °F). It is apparent from this equation that each degree increase in cell temperature should increase performance by 1.15 mV. Other data indicate that the coefficient for Equation (5-6) may be in the range of 0.55 to 0.75, rather than 1.15. Although temperature has only a minimal effect on the H2 oxidation reaction at the anode, it is important in terms of the amount of CO that can be absorbed by the anode. Figure 5-4 shows that increasing the cell temperature results in increased anode tolerance to CO absorption. A strong temperature effect was also observed using simulated coal gas. Below 200 °C (392 °F), the cell voltage drop was significant. Experimental data suggest that the effect of contaminants is not additive, indicating that there is an interaction between CO and H2S (37). Increasing temperature increases performance, but elevated temperature also increases catalyst sintering, component corrosion, electrolyte degradation, and evaporation. UTC Fuel Cells operates its phosphoric acid cells at 207 °C (405 °F), which is a compromise that allows reasonable performance at a life of 40,000 hours (3). 16. The anode shows no significant performance improvement from 140 to 180° on pure H2, but in the presence of CO, increasing the temperature results in a marked improvement in performance (see discussion in Section 5.2.4). 5-13PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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