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Figure 5-4 Effect of Temperature: Ultra-High Surface Area Pt Catalyst. Fuel: H2, H2 + 200 ppm H2S and Simulated Coal Gas (37) 5.2.3 EffectofReactantGasCompositionandUtilization Increasing reactant gas utilization or decreasing inlet concentration results in decreased cell performance due to increased concentration polarization and Nernst losses. These effects are related to the partial pressures of reactant gases and are discussed below. Oxidant: The oxidant composition and utilization are parameters that affect the cathode performance, as evident in Figure 2-5. Air, which contains ~21 percent O2, is the obvious oxidant for terrestrial application PAFCs. The use of air with ~21 percent O2 instead of pure O2 results in a decrease in the current density of about a factor of three at constant electrode potential. The polarization at the cathode increases with an increase in O2 utilization. Experimental measurements (38) of the change in overpotential (∆ηc) at a PTFE-bonded porous electrode in 100 percent H3PO4 (191 °C, atmospheric pressure) as a function of O2 utilization is plotted in Figure 5- 5 in accordance with Equation (5-7): ∆ηc = ηc - ηc,∞ (5-7) where ηc and ηc,∞ are the cathode polarizations at finite and infinite (i.e., high flow rate, close to 0 percent utilization) flow rates, respectively. The additional polarization attributed to O2 utilization is reflected in the results, and the magnitude of this loss increases rapidly as the utilization increases. At a nominal O2 utilization of 50 percent for prototype PAFC power plants, the additional polarization estimated from the results in Figure 5-5 is 19 mV. Based on experimental data (16, 38, 39), the voltage loss due to a change in oxidant utilization can be described by Equations (5-8) and (5-9): 5-14PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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