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alternate source. It is usual practice in an MCFC system that the CO2 generated at the anode (right side of Equation 6-1) be routed (external to the cell) to the cathode (left side of Equation 6-2). MCFCs differ in many respects from PAFCs because of their higher operating temperature (650 vs. 200 °C) and the nature of the electrolyte. The higher operating temperature of MCFCs provides the opportunity to achieve higher overall system efficiencies (potential for heat rates below 7,500 Btu/kWh) and greater flexibility in the use of available fuels.21 On the other hand, the higher operating temperature places severe demands on the corrosion stability and life of cell components, particularly in the aggressive environment of the molten carbonate electrolyte. Another difference between PAFCs and MCFCs lies in the method used for electrolyte management in the respective cells. In a PAFC, PTFE serves as a binder and wet-proofing agent to maintain the integrity of the electrode structure and to establish a stable electrolyte/gas interface in the porous electrode. The phosphoric acid is retained in a matrix of PTFE and SiC between the anode and cathode. There are no high temperature, wetproofing materials available for use in MCFCs that are comparable to PTFE. Thus, a different approach is required to establish a stable electrolyte/gas interface in MCFC porous electrodes, and this is illustrated schematically in Figure 6-2. The MCFC relies on a balance in capillary pressures to establish the electrolyte interfacial boundaries in the porous electrodes (1, 2, 3). At thermodynamic equilibrium, the diameters of the largest flooded pores in the porous components are related by the equation γccosθc = γecosθe = γacosθa Dc De Da (6-5) where γ is the interfacial surface tension, θ is the contact angle of the electrolyte, D is the pore diameter, and the subscripts a, c, and e refer to the anode, cathode and electrolyte matrix, respectively. By properly coordinating the pore diameters in the electrodes with those of the electrolyte matrix, which contains the smallest pores, the electrolyte distribution depicted in Figure 6-2 is established. This arrangement permits the electrolyte matrix to remain completely filled with molten carbonate, while the porous electrodes are partially filled, depending on their pore size distributions. According to the model illustrated in Figure 6-2 and described by Equation (6-5), the electrolyte content in each of the porous components will be determined by the equilibrium pore size (PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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