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Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)

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Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition) ( fuel-cell-handbook-seventh-edition )

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CO3= H2 +CO3= Porous Ni anode CO2 +H2O+2e- Fuel gas Porous NiO cathode Molten Carbonate/LiAlO2 electrolyte structure 1/2O2 +CO2 +2e- CO3= Oxidant gas 6.1 Figure 6-2 Dynamic Equilibrium in Porous MCFC Cell Elements (Porous electrodes are depicted with pores covered by a thin film of electrolyte) Cell Components 6.1.1 State-of-the-ArtComponments The data in Table 6-1 provide a chronology of the evolution in MCFC component technology. In the mid-1960s, electrode materials were, in many cases, precious metals, but the technology soon evolved to use Ni-based alloys at the anode and oxides at the cathode. Since the mid-1970s, the materials for the electrodes and electrolyte (molten carbonate/LiAlO2) have remained essentially unchanged. A major development in the 1980s was the evolution in fabrication of electrolyte structures. Developments in cell components for MCFCs have been reviewed by Maru, et al. (6, 7), Petri and Benjamin (8), and Selman (9). Over the past 28 years, the performance of single cells has improved from about 10 mW/cm2 to >150 mW/cm2. During the 1980s, both the performance and endurance of MCFC stacks dramatically improved. The data in Figure 6-3 illustrate the progress that has been made in the performance of single cells, and in the cell voltage of small stacks at 650 °C. Several MCFC stack developers have produced cell stacks with cell areas up to 1 m2. Tall, full-scale U.S. stacks fabricated to date include several FCE-300 plus cell stacks with ~9000 cm2 cell area producing >250 kW. 6-4

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