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Figure 7-10 Cell Performance and Dimensions of Accumentrics Technology (32). • In segmented-in-series tubular SOFC technology, the tube’s active cell area is segmented and connected in series. As a consequence, the length over which in-plane conduction occurs can be controlled by the cell segmentation pattern. Another consequence of segmentation in series is that the voltage per tube is higher, and hence the total current lower, requiring less heavy-duty interconnections between tubes. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has developed this approach with cylindrical tubes and constructed both atmospheric and pressurized 10 kW stacks, achieving power densities of around 140 mW/cm2 (35, 36). Rolls Royce is developing a version with flattened tubes (34). The remainder of this section on tubular SOFC focuses on the cell design furthest advanced in its development: the Siemens Westinghouse tubular SOFC technology. Tubular SOFC Cell Manufacturing Method A schematic cross-section of the Siemens Westinghouse cell is shown in Figure 7-11. Air is fed through an alumina feed tube, while fuel is supplied externally. The cell length has been gradually increased from 30 cm to about 150 cm. The cell has a diameter of 1.27 cm. Figure 7-12 shows a bundle of eighteen cells that features 3 cells in series with 6 cells in parallel. To ensure good contact between tubes, nickel felt is used. Because the current flows tangentially to the electrodes, a relatively large ohmic loss exists, especially in the cathode, which places an upper limit on the tube diameter. 7-15PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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