PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 216
attractive feature of this arrangement is that it eliminates the need for leak-free gas manifolding of the fuel and oxidant streams. However, the seal-less tubular design results in a relatively long current path around the circumference of the cell. For the current YSZ electrolyte to provide sufficient oxygen conductivity, it must be heated to a high temperature (900 to 1,000 °C). This means that expensive, high temperature alloys must be used to house the fuel cell, increasing its cost substantially. These costs could be reduced if the operating temperature was lowered to between 600 to 800 °C, allowing the use of less expensive structural materials such as stainless steel. A lower operating temperature would also ensure a greater overall system efficiency and a reduction in the thermal stress in the ceramic structure, leading to a longer service life for the fuel cell. To lower the operating temperature, either the conductivity of the YSZ must be improved by thinner electrolytes, or alternative electrolytic materials must be developed that can replace YSZ. A concerted effort is being made by researchers around the world to find a better solution. 7.2.1.1 Performance This section provides empirical information that can be used to estimate the performance of SOFCs based on various operating parameters. The SOFCs being developed, particularly the planar types, have unique designs, are constructed of various materials, and are fabricated by different techniques. This development process will result in further evolution of the perfor- mance trends summarized here. The electrochemical reactions associated with hydrogen fuel are expressed in equations (7-4) to (7-6): H2 +O=→H2O+2e- at the anode, and 1⁄2O2 + 2e- → O= at the cathode. The overall cell reaction is H2 + 1⁄2O2 → H2O The corresponding Nernst equation for the reaction in equation 7-6 is RT P P1/2 Ε=Ε°+2Fln H2 O2 PH2O (7-4) (7-5) (7-6) (7-7) In addition to hydrogen, carbon monoxide (CO) and other hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4) can be used as fuels. It is feasible that the water gas shift reaction involving CO (CO + H2O → H2 + CO2) and the steam reforming of CH4 (CH4 + H2O → 3H2 + CO) in the high temperature environment of SOFCs produce H2 that is easily oxidized at the anode. The direct oxidation of CO in fuel cells is also well established. Because of the increased number of chemical species and competing reactions, however, derivation of cell performance as a function of temperature, 7-20PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
PDF Search Title:
Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)Original File Name Searched:
fuel-cell-handbook.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |