PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 228
• Metal interconnect-supported. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (66), Argonne National Laboratory, and Ceres (67) have pioneered metal-supported cells to minimize mass transfer resistance and the use of (expensive) ceramic materials. In such cells, the electrodes are typically 50 μm thick and the electrolyte around 5 to15 μm. While the benefits are obvious, the challenges are to find a materials combination and manufacturing process that avoids corrosion and deformation of the metal and interfacial reactions during manufacturing as well as operation. Interconnect material: • Ceramic (lanthanum or yttrium chromite) suitable for high-temperature operation (900 to 1000 °C). These materials, while chemically stable and compatible with the MEA from a chemical and thermal expansion perspective, are mechanically weak and costly. • Cr-based or Ni-based superalloy for intermediate-high temperature operation (800 to 900 °C). These materials are chemically stable at 900 °C, but they require additional coatings to prevent Cr-poisoning of the electrodes. In addition, they are expensive and difficult to form. • Ferritic steel (coated or uncoated) for intermediate temperature operation (650 to 800 °C). While uncoated steels are chemically unstable, especially during thermal cycling, coated steels provide corrosion resistance as well as acceptable conductivity when new. However, thermal cycling performance still requires improvement. Shape of the cell. • Rectangular, with gases flowing in co-flow, counter-flow, or cross-flow. • Circular, typically with gases flowing out from the center in co-flow, and mixing and burning at the edge of the cells. Spiral flow arrangements and counter-flow arrangements have also been proposed. Method for creating flow-channels: • Flat ceramic cell with channels in interconnect or flow-plate. • Corrugated ceramic with flat interconnects. Manifolding arrangement: • External manifolding. • Internal manifolding, through the electrolyte. • Internal manifolding through the interconnect, but not through the electrolyte. Figure 7-22 shows a sample of recently-pursued planar SOFC approaches. The anode-supported technology with metal interconnects will be described in some detail below. Mitsubishi tested a 15 kW system with its all-ceramic MOLB design for almost 10,000 hours with degradation rates below 0.5 percent per 1,000 hrs, but without thermal cycles, and with power densities ranging from 190 to 220 mW/cm2 (under practical operating conditions). Because the interconnect is flat and relatively thin (the flow-passage is embedded in the MEA), less of the expensive LaCrO3 is required than if the flow-passages were in the interconnect. Nevertheless, cost reduction is still one of the main priorities for this stack technology. Thermal cycling is also thought to be a challenge with the system, which is targeted to small-scale distributed stationary power generation applications. 7-32PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
PDF Search Title:
Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)Original File Name Searched:
fuel-cell-handbook.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |