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8.2.3 Fuel Cell Power Conversion for Supplying Backup Power to a Load Connected to a Local Utility Conventional uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems employ engine generators and/or batteries as their main sources to provide electric power for critical functions or loads when the normal supply, i.e. utility power, is not available [7]. A typical UPS system consists of rechargeable batteries such as sealed lead-acid or nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd). However, these batteries contain toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and lead that may cause serious environmental problems if they are discarded without special care [7]. Further, unlike batteries, fuel cells provide continuous power for as long as reactants are supplied. This feature is especially useful whenever the duration of the power outage is uncertain. Among the various kinds of fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEFC) are compact and lightweight. They provide a high output power density at room temperature, and are easy to start-up and shut down in system operation [1,8,9]. In this section, design considerations for a 1-kW fuel cell powered line-interactive UPS system with one hour of backup power employing modular (fuel cell and power converter) blocks is discussed. Figure 8-13 shows two commercially available PEFC fuel cells (25 to 39V, 500W) [1] along with suitable DC-DC and DC-AC power electronic converter modules. Commercially available supercapacitors [5] supply transient power at the output terminals. Two possible power-conditioning architectures are investigated. Utility Input Figure 8-13 Diagram of a modular fuel cell power conversion unit for supplying backup power to a load connected to a local utility [10,11] Figure 8-13 shows a diagram of a line interactive UPS whose main function is to provide backup power to a load connected to a local utility. The load is connected via two static transfer switches 8-34 SS1 Non-Critical Load Critical Load Fuel Cells DC/DC Boost Converter Hydrogen Cylinder SS2 Fuel Cells DC/DC Boost Converter DC/AC Inverter Super capacitor BIdirectional ConverterPDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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