PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 280
SS1 and SS2 either to the utility or to the fuel cell source. Normally the fuel cell inverter side static switch SS2 is rated for inverter output. However, the utility side SS1 is rated for 1500 percent for approximately 15 milliseconds to provide current to open the down stream or load side circuit breaker in case of a short circuit [7]. Two commercially available 500W fuel cell stacks are considered in this example design. The use of a supercapacitor is explored to supply inrush current to the load (2kW for 20 seconds). A static bypass switch is configured to disconnect the utility in case of its failure or out of specified voltage range for the load. In steady state, the fuel cell power source is assumed to be in hot standby mode, i.e. supply 10 percent of its capacity; this allows the fuel cell subsystem to be ready to supply the load during a utility shutdown. It is assumed that pure hydrogen is available to supply the rated output power (1kW) for a 1hr utility outage. Figure 8-14 and Figure 8-15 show two possible circuit topologies for this application. The approach in Figure 8-15 is more suitable, as it employs modular DC-DC converters to interface each fuel cell output to a 400V dc-link. A 42V supercapacitor module [5,6] is connected to the dc-link via a bi-directional DC-DC converter. The bi-directional DC-DC converter module allows quick discharge and charging of the supercapacitor modules to supply inrush current demanded by the load. Table 8-6 Example specifications for the 1kW fuel cell powered backup power (UPS) unit [10,11] Continuous output power: Peak power: Output Phase (s): Output voltage: Output frequency: Transfer time (typical/max): Load power factor (PF) range & crest factor (CF): Fuel Cell Current Ripple: (Fuel cell dependent) Output THD: Acoustic Noise: Environment: Electromagnetic Interference Efficiency: Safety: Life: 1 kW continuous for 1hr 2kW for 20 seconds Single-phase, not to exceed 1,000 VA total 120V, Sinusoidal AC. Output voltage tolerance no wider than ±6 percent over the full allowed line voltage and temperature ranges, from no-load to full-load. Frequency 60±0.1 Hz. 60Hz (U.S.) or 50Hz (Europe) with enough precision to run AC clock accuracy 4/6 milliseconds PF: 0.6 to 1; CF: 3 120 Hz ripple: < 15 percent from 10 to 100 percent load 60 Hz ripple: < 10 percent from 10 to 100 percent load < 5 percent No louder than conventional domestic refrigerator. Less than 50 dBA sound level measured 1.5 m from the unit. Suitable for indoor installation in domestic applications, 10 °C to 40 °C possible ambient range. Per FCC 18 Class A -- industrial Greater than 90 percent The system is intended for safe, routine use in a home or small business by non-technical customers. The system should function for at least ten years with routine maintenance when subjected to normal use in a 20 °C to 30 °C ambient environment. Protection: Over current, over voltage, short circuit, over temperature, and under voltage. No damage caused by output short circuit. The inverter must shut down if the input voltage dips below the minimum specified fuel cell voltage (29V). Inverter should not self-reset after a load-side fault. IEEE Standard 929 is a useful reference. 8-35PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
PDF Search Title:
Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)Original File Name Searched:
fuel-cell-handbook.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |