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international safety standards for electronic equipment. In the United States, for example, such standards are set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), with product testing performed according to appointed laboratories, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Throughout Europe, safety standards are established by the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC). 8.2.6 Power Conditioners for Automotive Fuel Cells An announcement by the Secretary of Energy stated that $1.5 billion U.S. government subsidies would be re-allocated to develop fuel cell technologies for automotive applications. For the automotive fuel cell market to directly impact the stationary fuel cell market, fuel cell vehicles must achieve commercial success. A number of requirements are necessary to effectively commercialize fuel cell vehicles [16,17]. Most important are the need to further develop hydrogen-reforming technologies and the availability of low cost, reliable power conditioning systems. In view of this, it is motivating to explore common power conditioning systems that have dual use - both for stationary and automotive fuel cell applications. Development of common standards will be beneficial for the overall fuel cell market. Figure 8-18 shows a typical fuel cell vehicle system block diagram [16]. A fuel cell vehicle system consists of three main components: (a) fuel processor; (b) fuel cell stack, and (c) power conditioning unit (DC-DC or DC-AC) to power a traction motor (AC or DC). A fuel cell system designed for vehicular propulsion must have weight, volume, power density, start-up, and transient response similar to the present internal combustion engine-based vehicles. Proton exchange membrane (PEFC) fuel cells are gaining importance as the fuel cell for vehicular applications [16,17] because of their low operating temperature, relatively high power density, specific power longevity, efficiency, and relatively high durability. One problem in PEFC-based technology is that the carbon (CO) concentration in fuel should be reduced to less than 10 parts per million (PPM); higher CO content in hydrogen contributes to deterioration of the cell performance. Figure 8-18 A typical fuel cell vehicle system [16] 8-39PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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