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Fuel cell vehicle configurations: Fuel cell vehicles can be classified as fuel cell electric and fuel cell hybrid vehicles [16,17]. A fuel cell electric vehicle uses a fuel cell system as the power source without the use of the battery. A fuel cell hybrid vehicle consists of a battery or a supercapacitor [16] in addition to the fuel cell system. This configuration enables most efficient use of both the fuel cell and battery for vehicle propulsion. The battery (or supercapacitor) provides power during start-up and acceleration, and the fuel cell supplies the steady state load. A range extender-type fuel cell vehicle can also be designed with a low power fuel cell whose only function is to charge the batteries. In this case, the battery is designed to provide full power and the fuel cell is employed as an on-board battery charger. Power conditioning system for the fuel cell hybrid vehicle: Figure 8-19 shows a typical topology of a power conditioning unit for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle powering a three phase variable speed AC traction motor load. The bi-directional converter S2 and S3 can be eliminated if a 42V battery is employed. Figure 8-20 shows the fuel cell converter control system block diagram. The reference signal from the vehicle power controller is used to generate the current reference (Iref) as shown. The current reference Iref is used to control the hydrogen input to the fuel cell stack. Also, Iref regulates the current output of the DC-DC boost converter, which powers the DC-AC inverter stage. The power required to power fuel cell accessory loads are powered from the battery. The battery power is also used for system start-up to bring the fuel cell stack voltage to a nominal value. DC/DC Boost Converter Regulated 42V DC Link & Battery (12V) 3-Phase PWM Inverter S4 S6 S8 S5 3-Phase Traction Motor (Induction / BLDC) 0 - 500Hz S2 L2 42V - + L1 Automotive Fuel Cell C M & S1 Reformer S3 S7 S9 Figure 8-19 Power conditioning unit for fuel cell hybrid vehicle Figure 8-20 Fuel cell power conditioner control system [16] 8-40PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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