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or from the recycled air. Consequently, the internal fuel cell structure is greatly simplified, and the requirement for a heat exchanger in the recycle air stream is eliminated. Summary Advantages, Disadvantages of Various Fuel Cell, Power Cycles Regenerative Brayton Advantages: • simple cycle arrangement, minimum number of components. • relatively low compressor and turbine pressure ratio, simple machines. • relatively low fuel cell operating pressure, avoiding the problems caused by anode/cathode pressure differential and high pressure housing and piping. • relatively low turbine inlet temperatures, perhaps 1950 oF for solid oxide and 1450 oF for molten carbonate fuel cell systems. Turbine rotor blade cooling may not be required. • relatively simple heat removal arrangements in fuel cells, accomplished by excess air flow. No internal heat transfer surface required for heat removal. • fuel conversion in cells maximized, taking full advantage of fuel cell efficiency. • adaptability to small scale power generation systems. Disadvantages: • tailoring of compressor and turbine equipment to fuel cell temperature and cycle operating pressure required. (It is not clear to what extent available engine supercharging and industrial compressor and turbine equipment can be adapted to this application.) • large gas to gas heat exchanger for high temperature heat recuperation required. • efficiency and work output of the cycle sensitive to cell, compressor, and turbine efficiencies; pressure losses; and temperature differentials. Combined Brayton-Rankine Advantages: • integrated plant and equipment available for adaptation to fuel cell heat recovery. • high efficiency system for heat recovery. Disadvantages: • complex, multi component, large scale system for heat recovery. • adaptation of existing gas turbine required to provide for air take off and return of hot depleted air and partially burned fuel. • high pressure operation of the bulky fuel cell system required. • precise balancing of anode and cathode pressures required to prevent rupture of fuel cell electrolyte. • indirect heat removal required from fuel cells with compressed air, initially at low temperature, to enable significant conversion of the fuel flow in the cells. Rankine Advantages: • ambient pressure operation within the fuel cell. • heat recovery in a boiler, avoiding the high temperature gas to gas exchanger of a regenerative Brayton cycle. 8-81PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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