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Other major automobile manufacturers, including General Motors, Volkswagen, Volvo, Honda, DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, and Ford, also have announced plans to build prototype polymer electrolyte fuel cell vehicles operating on hydrogen, methanol, or gasoline (38). Honda’s FCX, a fuel cell prototype sedan, includes both hydrogen- and methanol-based systems. The GM Precept will use a hydrogen hydride storage system to help it to attain a 108 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (39). A list of auto manufactures with information on their prototype can be found at http://www.fuelcells.org/info/charts/carchart.pdf. The Department of Energy’s Transportation Fuel Cell program is a collaboration between government and industry that supports the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles. Domestic automakers, fuel cell developers, national labs, universities, component suppliers and the fuel industry have created a Fuel Cell Alliance. This alliance helps in collaborating government sponsored research and development within the auto industry. Some of the goals of the program include developing fuel cell stack systems that are greater than 57 percent efficient at 25 percent peak power, more than 100 times cleaner than EPA Tier 2 emissions, and capable of operating on hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel from gasoline, methanol, ethanol and natural gas. By 2004, the program hopes to have fuel cell power systems that are reliable, safe and cost competitive with internal combustion engines (40). California has started a Fuel Cell Partnership with oil companies, automakers and fuel cell companies. They hope to have 50 fuel cell vehicles, both passenger cars and transit buses, on the road by 2003. The goals of the program include demonstrating vehicle performance, identifying fuel infrastructure issues and addressing commercialization challenges (41). DOD is interested in new or novel advanced power and propulsion systems that will reduce fuel consumption, improve performance, extend vehicle range, reduce emissions, and reduce support costs. The Navy and Army are considering hybrids for ships, land vehicles, helicopters, and battlefield power requirements. In 1997, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiated an advanced development program to demonstrate a ship service fuel cell (SSFC) power generation module. During Phase 1, competitive conceptual designs of 2.5 MW SSFC were prepared, along with critical component demonstrations. Phase 2 of the development program, scheduled for completion in 2002, will result in a nominal 500 kW fuel cell ship service generator demonstration module to be constructed and tested in a laboratory setting. The baseline concept is fueled by logistic fuel which is reformed in an adiabatic reformer designed and built by International Fuel Cells. Downstream of the reformer is a series of components that remove CO and H2S before the gas is sent to the fuel cell. The spent fuel and air are mixed and burned to drive a turbocompressor and recover compression work.54 The Army has two programs that are looking at hybrids using fuel cells. In 1999, the Land Warrior Operational Combat System was approved. The goal is to develop a portable hybrid fuel cell system that weighs less than one kilogram and meets the power demand of the Land Warrior Power requirements. The second program is the Future Combat System. This program 54 R.M. Privette, et al., “2.5 MW PEFC System for Navy Ship Service Power,” paper presented at the 1999 Review Conference on Fuel Cell Technology, Chicago, Illinois, August 3-5, 1999. 8-95PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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