Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)

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Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition) ( fuel-cell-handbook-seventh-edition )

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• The State of Georgia offers an income tax credit of $5,000 for the purchase or lease of a zero emission vehicle (ZEV). ZEVs include battery-only electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cells. • New York's Alternative-Fuel (Clean-Fuel) Vehicle Tax Incentive Program offers tax credits and a tax exemption for people who purchase alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). Purchasers of compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, and hydrogen-powered vehicles, as well as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are eligible for a tax credit worth 60 percent of the incremental cost. • In 1992, the state of Pennsylvania established a program to reduce Pennsylvania's dependence on imported oil and improve air quality through the use of alternative fuels. Eligible alternative motor fuels and fuel systems are compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquid propane gas, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, hythane, electricity, coal- derived liquid fuels, fuels derived from biological materials, and fuels determined by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy as meeting the requirements of Section 301 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. After July 1, 2001, qualified projects will receive funding for 20 percent of eligible project costs. • Effective January 1, 1996, Virginia’s sales and use taxes were reduced by 1.5 percent for any motor vehicle that has been manufactured, converted, or retrofitted to operate on compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, or electricity. • The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Alternative Fuels offers a Congestion Mitigation Air Quality Alternative Fuels Grant Program for the incremental cost of purchasing AFVs. Wisconsin municipalities, in an 11 county area (including Milwaukee, Waukesha, Racine, Kenosha, Walworth, Washington, Ozaukee, Sheboygan, Manitowoc, Kewaunee, and Door counties), are eligible to participate in the grant program. Eligible vehicles include dedicated, bi-fuel, or flexible fuel vehicles. Eligible fuels include ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane, biodiesel, and electricity. Grant awards are allocated through a competitive grant application process. The maximum grant award per passenger vehicle is $6,500 and $12,000 per truck, van, or bus with a total of $50,000 per municipality. The opportunities for R&D to advance hydrogen production, utilization, and storage hold great potential. “Much of the recent ferment over hydrogen and fuel cells has taken place in the auto industry. DaimlerChrysler has committed $1 billion over 10 years to fuel cell development, and is working with Ford and Ballard Power Systems to put transit fuel cell buses on the road in Europe. General Motors aims to be the first car company to sell one million fuel cell vehicles, beginning mass production in 2010, and has announced major investments in two companies specializing in hydrogen storage and delivery. Toyota sent shock waves through the industry by announcing it would start selling its fuel cell car in Japan. The energy industry is also getting serious about hydrogen. Both Shell and BP have established core hydrogen divisions within their companies. ExxonMobil is teaming up with GM and Toyota to develop fuel cells. Texaco has become a major investor in hydrogen storage technology (4).” For additional information on industry announcements, see The Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Letter. 10.7.2 Hydrogen Production A number of hydrogen manufacturing plants are sited (see Table 10-7) across the United States. Any carbonaceous material can be used to make hydrogen from steam reforming, but they are 10-32

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