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PURE Project The standalone small-size wind hydrogen energy system PURE Project was a joint project of Unst (community of the Shetland Islands), siGEN (system integrator), and AccaGen SA for the PURE Community of Shetland-Islands, and is supported by the European Union. The project aims to demonstrate how wind power and hydrogen technology can be combined to meet the energy needs of a remote rural industrial estate. PURE was conceived to test and demonstrate safe and effective long-term use and storage of hydrogen produced by renewable energy using wind-powered electrolysis of water, and to regenerate the stored energy into electric energy with a fuel cell. The key components of the system are: • Wind turbines: Two 15 kW (Proven Ltd) • Electrolyzer: 15 kW alkaline operating at 55 bar (AccaGen SA) • Hydrogen storage: 44 Nm3 in H2 cylinders • PEM fuel cell: 5 kW (Plug Power). The electrolyzer section consists of an AccaGen electrolyzer unit assembled with advanced cells specifically designed and manufactured by AccaGen SA for wind application, capable of operat- ing up to 55 bar. Apart from high energy efficiency and good dynamic performance in variable operation, a particularly important requirement for a wind-operated water electrolyzer is the possibility of operating the electrolyzer over a wide range with high current yields and sufficient gas purities. United States Basin Electric, Wind-to-Hydrogen Energy Pilot Project The goal of this project was to research the application of hydrogen production from wind energy, allowing for continued wind energy development in remote wind-rich areas and mitigating the necessity for electrical transmission expansion. [4] Four modes of operation were considered in the feasibility report to evaluate technical and economic merits. It should be noted that all the modes studied represent hydrogen production efficiencies that are less than those achievable if the system were operated at full production on “grid” electricity. The modes of operation studied were: • Mode 1—Scaled wind • Mode 2—Scaled wind with off-peak • Mode 3—Full wind • Mode 4—Full wind with off-peak. In summary, the feasibility report, completed on August 11, 2005, found that the proposed hydrogen production system would produce between 8,000 kg and 20,000 kg of hydrogen annually, depending on the mode of operation. This estimate was based on actual wind energy production of one of the North Dakota wind farms of which the Basin Electric Power Cooperative (BEPC) is the electrical off-taker. The cost of the hydrogen produced ranged from $20 to $10 per kilogram (again depending on the mode of operation). The hydrogen-production system utilizes a bipolar alkaline electrolyzer nominally capable of producing 30 Nm3/h (2.7 kg/h). The hydrogen is compressed to 6,000 psi and delivered to an on- site three-bank cascading storage assembly with 80 kg of storage capacity. Vehicle fueling is 12PDF Image | Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals
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