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Background 1.1 Motivation In general, seeking for an alternative energy can be limited due to two main reasons; economic issues, and environmental issue. It is very important to use an alternative source of energy that can help in solving the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as fuel cells which generate electricity through an alternative, less-polluting electrochemical process. A fuel cell is a device that converts stored chemical energy in substance into electrical energy through an electro-chemical reaction [5]. The major components of the fuel cell are the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which consist of gas diffusion layers (GDL, of anode and cathode electrodes), electrolyte (DuPont’s Nafion membrane common electrolytes used in due to its high proton conductivity), catalyst layer (CL), and binding layer (Nafion ionomer used to enhance the triple phase boundary between GDL, CL and electrolyte). Sandwiching both electrodes (anode and cathode) with the electrolyte forms the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) [6]. Fuel cells (e.g. hydrogen fuel cell) are a promising alternative energy device due to the high theoretical efficiency and environmental benefits [7]. Researchers have evaluated hydrogen fuel cell technology based on their proton conductivities and fuel permeability (selectivity). However, the fuel (hydrogen) production and storage is a major drawback in hydrogen fuel cell technology. These drawbacks do not exist when using direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) due to the liquid phase of methanol as fuel. Nevertheless, Nafion membrane (electrolyte) suffers from high methanol permeability (fuel crossover) which drops the fuel cell efficiency by causing a mixed potential. To overcome such a problem, a methanol blocking material can be used in the binding layer (barrier layer) to reduce the fuel crossover in the fuel cell without interrupting the Nafion conductivity. To achieve high selectivity, the materials used in modifying the binding layer for the fuel cell can function at its maximum efficiency at certain temperature ranges and thus specific materials must be used in order to tolerate chemical attacks and mechanical strength [8]. 1.2 Scope of Work This thesis focuses on modifying the binding layer of the MEA in DMFC by using mordenite and graphene oxide (as inorganic filler) which can reduce methanol Sirhan AL-Batty Page 22PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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