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Background 1.5 Introduction Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Background The simplest concept of fuel cell is to convert the stored chemical energy in hydrogen into electricity through electrochemical reaction via catalyst. In order to carry the electrochemical reaction to produce electricity, a special reaction environment such as pressure and temperature are required. The following section explains in detail fuel cell reactions, materials, and types. In addition, it focuses on the DMFC in which it clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of the DMFC. 1.6 Fuel Cell Concept A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that uses a fuel to produce electrons, protons, heat and water. Fuel cell technology is based upon the simple combustion reaction given in the following equation 𝐻2 + 1𝑂2 → 𝐻2𝑂 (1.1) 2 Hydrogen fuel is passed through the plates to the anode on one side of the fuel cell, while oxygen, usually from air, enters the fuel cell from the other side to the cathode. Both anode and cathode are made of porous material (e.g. carbon) to allow gas diffusion. The porosity in the electrodes allows a good mass transfer rate [9]. The electrodes of the fuel cell are usually coated with catalyst (platinum) particles that increase the reaction rate of the oxidation/reduction reactions that takes place in the fuel cell. At the anode, a platinum catalyst separates the hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons. Equation 1.2 explains the electrochemical reaction which occurs at the anode: 𝐻2 → 2𝐻+ + 2𝑒− (1.2) The electrolyte (proton exchange membrane) lets the protons flow through to the cathode and the electrons flow through the porous carbon and an external circuit to the cathode, generating fuel cell voltage [9]. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 25PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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