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âđ = đľln (đđ ) 1 B is a constant and equal to đľ = đ Ăđ đĂđš N is the number of electrons which depends on the fuel cell type (1.30) Background (resistivity) properties. However, there are three factors that can reduce the effect of ohmic losses in a fuel cell: ďˇ The materials of electrodes. ďˇ The materials of bipolar plates, and ďˇ The thickness of the membrane. Also controlling the thickness of the membrane can affect the methanol permeability which drops the fuel cell performance. Concentration losses: These losses result from the change in concentration of the reactants at the surface of the electrodes as the fuel is used. In case of methanol fuel the reduction in concentration is the result of a failure to transport sufficient methanol to the electrode surface. The concentration losses or in some case it called mass transport loss, can be observed by using pure oxygen at the cathode instead of air. The relation between the partial pressure and voltage drop can be shown in the following equation: âđ = đľln (đ2) (1.29) đ1 Whereas P1 is the pressure when the current density (đ1) is equal to zero and P2 is the pressure at any current density(đ). Now substituting the current densities ( đ1 đđđ đ ) instead of pressures in equation 1.29 Since equation 1.30 contains the universal gas constant term that mean that this equation is more valid with gases. In DMFC, gas is present only at the cathode in the form of air. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 42PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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