PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 063
Literature review of Nafion [116]. Researchers [117-120] investigated inorganic material such as silica dioxide (SiO2) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) incorporated with the sulfonated polyether-ether ketone (PEEKs) to fabricate inorganic /organic composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to improve the properties of the membranes in terms of permeability, thermal stability, and rigidity. Composite membranes (such SiO2/SPEEK and ZrO2/ SPEEK) showed a fuel cell potential of 0.6 volt and a power density of 52.9 mW/cm2 which was better than the performance of the Nafion 117 in terms of conductivity [120]. The ionic group (in the membrane) helps the proton transportation across the membrane. The concentration of the ionic group in the membrane needs to be optimized otherwise; the membrane will suffer from the swelling which affects the mechanical properties of the membrane. Therefore, the water uptake (along with the ionic conductivity) of the composite membrane needs to be taken in account when fabricating inorganic /organic composite membranes for fuel cell. Inorganic compounds have the ability to retain water above 100°C in a fuel cell [121]. This can increase the window of the fuel cell operating temperature range which can serve the reaction kinetics at the electrode surface. Staiti et al [121], were able to operate the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) at 145°C when using silica/Nafion composite membranes doped with phosphotungstic and silicotungstic acids. The maximum power density of the fuel cell was 400 mW/cm2 by using oxygen feed and 250 mW/cm2 by using air at the cathode. In this case, the high operating temperature (145°C) of fuel cell increased the power density due to three main reasons: Water retention inside the membrane (good proton conductivity) Served the oxidation reaction of methanol at the anode Prevented the poisoning of the platinum catalyst (at the cathode) which caused by the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) 2.4.1 Methods of Preparation of Inorganic/Organic Composite Membrane There are several methods of preparing inorganic with polymer. Depending on the nature of the hybrid materials (inorganic and organic) and the application of the Sirhan AL-Batty Page 63PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
PDF Search Title:
Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene OxideOriginal File Name Searched:
nafion-zeolite.PDFDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |