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6680 Youness El Fouih and Chakib Bouallou / Energy Procedia 37 (2013) 6679 – 6686 used for its physical and thermodynamic proprieties as a solvent or refrigerant for example. The majority of these pathways are well known and already deployed on an industrial scale, such as Assisted Hydrocarbon Recovery (AHR), which is widely used with CO2 from natural storage. The second group consists of biological transformation of carbon dioxide: CO2 is used, through photosynthesis in biological organisms such as algae, to synthesize products of interest (carbohydrates, fats and cellulose compounds). Several pilot plants exist in different countries. The industrialization of this technology is expected in the next five years [1]. The third group regroups CO2 chemical transformation pathways: The carbon dioxide reacts with other highly reactive components, in order to complete the synthesis of basic chemicals or products with high energetic value. Among these pathways: The hydrogenation of CO2 which produces methane, methanol, or synthetic fuels. There are already pilot plants for the hydrogenation of CO2, and is expected to become industrialized in few years [1]. The recycling of CO2 has the advantage of recycling large volumes of CO2 with an average duration of CO2 sequestration [2]. Many technological challenges, and very few of feedback are the main challenges of this pathway. It should be noted that these pathways differ with respect to their degree of maturity, their potential for emergence, duration of CO2 sequestration, energy consumption, volume of CO2 recovery and energy efficiency [1]. The main objective of this paper is to deepen the CO2 electrochemical recycling, by studying the technical feasibility, simulating the who assessment and a carbon footprint. The proposed process consists of two main steps. The first one is the high temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 and water vapor, using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), to produce the syngas (H2+CO). The second step consists of converting syngas into synthetic fuel (gasoline, diesel, ethanol...) via Fisher Tropsch reactions synthesis, or convert it to ethanol or methanol via catalytic and exothermic reactions whose products depend on the operating parameters and catalysts used [3]. Fig. 1: presents the overall scheme of the studied process. 2. CO2 and H2O Co-electrolysis mechanism Electrochemical recycling of carbon dioxide consists of using carbon-free energy (renewable or nuclear) as a source of heat and / or electricity, to allow the dissociation of CO2 and H2O. This separation can be carried out via thermolysis, photolysis or electrolysis of water vapor and carbon dioxide [2]. In this study we chose to use electrolysis to dissociate carbon dioxide and water vapor. There two ways to produce syngas via electrolysis of CO2 and H2O: dissociate CO2 and H2O separately in two different electrolysis cells or simultaneously in the same electrolysis cell [4]. Recent research has shown that co- electrolysis H2O and CO2 is more interesting in terms of energy consumption and conversion rate than separate electrolysis of water vapour and carbon dioxide. [2, 4] The co-electrolysis of water vapor and carbon dioxide can be summarized by the following reaction:PDF Image | Recycling of carbon dioxide to produce ethanol
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