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Youness El Fouih and Chakib Bouallou / Energy Procedia 37 (2013) 6679 – 6686 6683 important because it will allow us to reduce the cost of investment operations thus reducing separation and purification costs. The catalyst used is Rh/SiO2 which has high selectivity to ethanol. The addition of vanadium as a promoter increases the catalyst activity and selectivity to ethanol [9]. 4. Simulation results 4.1. Process description The process flow-sheet simulated in Aspen PlusTM is presented in Fig 3. As mentioned earlier the studied process is composed of two main steps: The first step is the production of synthesis gas via the high- temperature electrolysis. The second one is converting syngas through a catalytic reaction to ethanol. The gas composition supplied to the SOEC is: carbon dioxide (40%: molar fraction), steam (40%) and hydrogen (10%). Gas outlet of the electrolysis cell is composed of syngas (which is the major product), CO2 and steam. 90% of gas produced enters the reactor after conditioning. The remaining 10% are recycled to the SOEC. Since almost all of the CO2 is converted to CO, the influence of CO2 on the ethanol synthesis reaction is very limited. As explained earlier by-products of synthesis reaction and secondary reaction are diverse. The only reactions that are taken into account in this simulation are: conversion reactions of ethanol, methanol and methane. The reactor outlet gas composition consists of ethanol, methanol, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and steam. Fig. 3: Overall process flow-sheet simulated in Aspen Plus TM 4.2. Process energy consumption Energy consumption of the process was calculated for an ethanol production rate of 500 tonnes per day, which corresponds to an annual production of 165 000 tonnes. Table 1 presents energy consumption per Kg of ethanol for different process units. As shown in this table, the total thermal energy consumption to produce one kg of ethanol is 4.383 MJ, while the electrical energy consumption is 36.9 MJ. Assuming a conversion factor of primary energy into electrical energy equal to 33% (as for a nuclear power plant) we find that the total primary energy consumption is 109.8 MJ / kg ethanol. We also note that the operation of the electrolysis is the largest consumer of energy terms. Improving the energy efficiency of the electrolysis cell, which is a function of current density and cell voltage [2], can significantly reduce total energy consumption. The distillation unit as it is one the important energy consumers in this process, could be improved to reduce the energy consumption. New methods of distillation exist, for example the extractive distillation can reduce significantly energy consumption [12]. To compare this process withPDF Image | Recycling of carbon dioxide to produce ethanol
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