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PEM Reversible Fuel Cell Session Corky Mittelsteadt of Giner Electrochemical Systems and Everett Anderson II of PROTON ON SITE reviewed the status of their companies' PEM reversible fuel cell technology. These presentations established the background technology and established the state-of-the-art for PEM reversible fuel cell systems. Reversible PEM Fuel Cell Design Concepts Two approaches for the reversible PEM fuel cell have been developed: 1) the Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell system (URFC) and 2) the Discrete Regenerative Fuel Cell system (DRFC). Both design concepts will vary based on application. For applications where air is readily available for the fuel cell (Air-URFC or Air-DRFC), the oxygen produced in the electrolysis mode is purged to the atmosphere. Applications that use sealed systems where air is unavailable will store the oxygen produced by electrolysis and use this oxygen for fuel cell operation (O2-URFC or O2-DRFC). The Balance-of-Plant—i.e., the pumps, compressors, storage vessels, and gas cleanup devices—will vary considerably depending on whether the reversible fuel cell design is an Air-device or an O2-device. Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell System − PEM The PEM URFC cell stack delivers power when operated as a fuel cell using hydrogen fuel and either air or stored oxygen as the oxidant and generates hydrogen and oxygen when operated as an electrolysis cell. Design of the individual cells and cell components for the URFC needs to address the distinctly different operating conditions occurring at the electrodes during each mode of operation. For example, the oxygen/air electrode may swing from 200 millivolts above to 200 millivolts below the reversible oxygen potential as the cell switches from electrolyzer to fuel cell mode. In the exothermic fuel cell mode, humidified, gas-phase reactants are required along with rapid removal of the heat and water produced, while in the electrolysis mode, liquid water is required as the reactant at the hydrogen producing electrode with rapid removal of the product hydrogen. The Balance-of-Plant (BoP) supporting the PEM URFC is designed to collect product water in the fuel cell mode, maintain the thermal balance within the fuel cell, deliver clean reactants, and produce regulated power (either AC or DC depending on the application). URFC BoP issues include design of the thermal management system because operation in the electrolysis mode is slightly endothermic while operation in the fuel cell mode is exothermic and cooling plates are typically used to remove excess heat when the fuel cell is producing power. The URFC system is best suited to those applications where operation in the fuel cell mode and the electrolysis mode are approximately balanced in terms of power density and operating times with the time operating as a fuel cell approximately matching the time operated as an electrolyzer. The URFC system has the advantage of reduced size, compared to the DRFC, and the URFC system is the preferred design for those applications where power density and energy density specifications are critical, for example, in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 3PDF Image | Reversible Fuel Cells Workshop Summary Report
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