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Table 2. Development Needs Identified by PROTON ON SITE Development Need Materials Development System Development Manufacturing Giner Electrochemical Systems URFC Oxygen compatibility Electrode structure DRFC New catalyst with NSTF concepts Bi-functional catalysts High pressure materials compatibility for electrochemical pumping applications High pressure materials compatible with electrochemical pumping applications Integration of Balance-of Plant components (e.g., thermal and water management systems) Compatible power conversion systems Compatible power conversion systems Development of standard manufacturing procedures for URFC electrodes and cell components Develop supply chain for electrolyzers and fuel cell manufacturing Automation of electrolyzer and fuel cell manufacturing Corky Mittelsteadt, Vice President of Electrochemical Technology for Giner Electrochemical Systems, reviewed the development of Regenerative (Reversible) Fuel Cells at Giner Electrochemical Systems (GES). Slides from the GES presentation are available in Appendix B. Water management for the URFC was identified as a critical issue that GES has resolved using a Water Management Membrane (WaMM), which is a porous component that provides water vapor for humidifying the fuel cell cathode and withdraws product water from the fuel cell cathode chamber. When the URFC is operated as an electrolyzer, the WaMM delivers water vapor to the anode of the electrolyzer (the oxygen evolving electrode). The performance of the WaMM-containing URFC was reported to be comparable to a standard electrolyzer operating at moderate current densities, <1,000 mA/cm2. The WaMM benefits to the URFC are given in Table 3. The GES presentation discussed the economics of hydrogen from PEM electrolysis. Using the U.S. Department of Energy's H2A model, they calculated the gallons of gasoline equivalent for 7PDF Image | Reversible Fuel Cells Workshop Summary Report
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