PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 006
Minh and Mogensen (continued from previous page) Fig. 9. Voltage as function of time for 1 kW 10-cell sStack of 12 cm x 12 cm footprint. Temperature = 850oC, gas input = 10% H2-45% H2O-45% CO2.45 and central station (e.g., 150,000 kg H2/ day) sizes,43 syngas production for industrial uses,47 and oxygen generation/recovery for space applications.48,49 Integration of SOEC systems with nuclear50 and renewable energy resources such as solar energy51 has been envisioned. Figure 10 shows a concept of a SOEC-based hydrogen production central system coupled with high-temperature gas- cooled nuclear reactors.52 Figure 11 is an example of a concept combining SOECs with biomass based plant.53 In this concept, oxygen produced in the SOEC unit can be used for the gasification of biomass, and steam for the SOEC can be generated in the gasification plant. The SOEC generates hydrogen that is needed for conversion of all the carbon in the biomass to chemicals such as methanol (MeOH), dimethyl ether (DME), gasoline, and synthetic natural gas (SNG). This concept also includes a method of upgrading digested biogas using co-electrolysis of CO2 (present) and steam (added) in biogas. Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology An RSOFC must operate efficiently in both SOFC and SOEC modes. Thus, two key requirements for RSOFCs, addition to those specified for SOFC/SOEC operation, are (1) acceptable electrode performance reversibility and stability, and (2) efficient and stable cyclic operation. Electrode performance reversibility and stability for reversible operation.— In general, the hydrogen electrode shows performance reversibility (symmetry) between fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The oxygen electrode, on the other hand, shows 60 Fig. 10. Concept for large-scale centralized nuclear hydrogen production.52 performance reversibility at low current densities but may exhibit irreversibility at higher current densities in electrolysis mode depending on a number of factors such as electrode microstructure, material and operating parameter.43 Performance stability of the electrodes is very much dependent on electrode microstructures. Oxygen electrode microstructures must be designed to circumvent oxygen pressure build-up at electrode/electrolyte interfaces during electrolysis. Hydrogen electrode microstructures must be engineered to facilitate both water and hydrogen transport to and from reaction sites. Efficient and stable cyclic operation.— RSOFC single cells and multi-cell stacks have been built and tested and their cyclic operation has been demonstrated. Cell and stack performance in electrolysis mode typically shows higher degradation rates than those in fuel cell mode.43,54,55 Figure 12 shows an example of a 10-cell RSOFC stack and its performance (in terms of ASR) in operation for more than 1000 h (operating alternately between internal reforming fuel cell mode and steam electrolysis mode).16 This stack showed an initial power density of 480 mW/cm2 at 0.7V, 800oC with 64% H - 35% N as fuel and 80% fuel utilization 22 in fuel cell mode and produced about 6.3 standard liter per minute of hydrogen at 1.26 V cell voltage, 0.62 A/cm2 with 30% H - 70% H O and steam utilization of about 22 54%. The RSOFC is at its early stage of development and to date, only limited work, mainly in laboratory scale, has been conducted on this technology. Advancements in RSOFCs will continue to leverage The Electrochemical Society Interface • Winter 2013PDF Image | Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel
PDF Search Title:
Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green FuelOriginal File Name Searched:
wtr13_p055_062.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)