PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
Fig. 7. Long-term performance of 96-cell planar stack.9 the case of H2O+CO2, it is possible that only H2O is involved in the electrochemical reaction and the CO2 in the mixture reacts with H2 of the reaction products via a reverse water gas shift reaction. SOEC cells are commonly derived from cells developed for fuel cell operation. In general, such cells can operate stably in electrolysis mode with no or minor modifications. However, an oxygen electrode that works stably in SOFC mode may experience rapid performance decay in electrolysis mode due to electrode delamination caused by oxygen evolution at the electrode/electrolyte interface.43 This type of degradation has been observed for oxygen electrodes based on predominantly electronic conducting oxides (e.g., LSM) when not designed to minimize oxygen pressure built-up at the interface during operation. For oxygen electrodes based on mixed ionic electronic conducting oxides (e.g., LSCF) with similar microstructures, electrode delamination may occur but at higher current densities (because of lower electrode overvoltage due to the spreading of triple phase boundary active sites on the mixed conducting surface). Long-term degradation of SOEC cells is generally higher than that obtained for similar cells in fuel cell mode.44 Root causes for this difference, however, are not fully understood. SOEC single cells and multi-cell stacks have been operated and hydrogen/syngas production (from H2O/H2O+CO2) has been demonstrated in laboratory scale. To date, planar cells as large as 20 cm x 20 cm size, stacks as tall as 60-cell height and a 15 kW laboratory facility have been fabricated and hydrogen production rates as high as 5.7 Nm3/h have been achieved.42 SOECs have been tested up to 2500 h and performance degradation is typically in the order of 5-10% per 1000 h. A recent SOEC work reports low degradation (<1% per 1000 h) for electrolysis of H2O+CO2 at current densities below 0.7 A/cm2 (Fig. 9).45 The SOEC has been considered for hydrogen production from steam36,46 at distributed plant (e.g., 1,500 kg H2/day) (continued on next page) Fig. 8. Current densities at thermoneutral voltage reported for SOECs between 500o and 900oC (the bars show the range of values). The Electrochemical Society Interface • Winter 2013 59PDF Image | Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green Fuel
PDF Search Title:
Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Green FuelOriginal File Name Searched:
wtr13_p055_062.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)