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ANNEX unit Description Annex A: Definitions Gasification Reacting organic material with a controlled amount of oxygen at temperatures greater than 700 °C without combustion. This produces ‘synthesis gas’, which is primarily a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with some carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide hydrogenation A reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form methanol using a metal catalyst Water Gas Shift A reversible reaction of carbon monoxide and water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen Pyrolysis The thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of oxygen. The process produces hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases, condensable vapours (tars and oils) and solid charcoal, depending upon the temperature. Hydrothermal liquefaction The thermal depolymerisation of wet biomass (eg sewage sludge) under moderate temperature and high pressure into a crude like mixture of oils. Units used in this report Lower Heating Value (LHV) The amount of heat produced from complete combustion of a hydrocarbon not accounting for the heat contained in combustion products if not returned to pre-combustion temperature. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) System / subsystem development Technology development Basic technology research TRL 9 TRL 8 TRL 7 TRL 6 TRL 5 TRL 4 TRL 3 TRL 2 TRL 1 System test, launch and operations Technology demonstration Research to prove feasibility Barrels Barrels of oil equivalent TWh Equivalent to 158.9873 litres A unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel of crude oil. One BOE as equal to 6.1 GJ, or 1.7 MWh. Terawatt-hour, a measure of energy generated or used over a period of time. Equivalent to 1x1012 watt-hours 40 SuSTAINABLE SYNThETIC CARBON BASED FuELS FOR TRANSPORT – POLICY BRIEFINGPDF Image | Sustainable synthetic carbon based fuels for transport
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