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on weak acidic or non‐acidic sites [31], the weak Brønsted acidic sites [32], the Lewis acidic sites [33]; physically adsorbed on the zeolite, which might be due to the desorption of weakly adsorbed NH3 or the silanol groups [30]. The NH3‐TPD results confirmed that the untreated zeolite catalyst on weak acidic or non‐acidic sites [31], the weak Brønsted acidic sites [32], the Lewis acidic sites [33]; possesses low acidic properties in comparison with the treated zeolite catalysts. or the silanol groups [30]. The NH3‐TPD results confirmed that the untreated zeolite catalyst Table 4 summarizes the results obtained from the NH3‐TPD measurements. It has been found possesses low acidic properties in comparison with the treated zeolite catalysts. that the treated zeolite catalyst with a mixed surfactant template to form ZSM‐5‐CT is the most active O O O O O o-methoxypropiophenone m-methoxypropiophenone p-mpe-tmhoexthyopxroypiroopphieonpohnenone o-methoxypropiophenone m-methoxypropiophenone propionic anhydride O Table 4 summarizes the results obtained from the NH3‐TPD measurements. It has been found CfhoemrmEngineetrhineg 2F01ri9e, d3,e3l5‐Crafts acylation reaction of anisole with propionic anhydride, giving 890o%f 11 that the treated zeolite catalyst with a mixed surfactant template to form ZSM‐5‐CT is the most active conversion and 96% selectivity toward p‐methoxypropiophenone. The effect of reaction form in the Friedel‐Crafts acylation reaction of anisole with propionic anhydride, giving 90% temperatures of 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C on the acylation of anisole was also studied over untreated conversion and 96% selectivity toward p‐methoxypropiophenone. The effect of reaction average pore size. In addition, the surface acidity of the zeolite catalysts may have an important role in and treated zeolite catalysts for 24 h. It can be observed from Figure 6 that anisole conversion and p‐ temperatures of 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C on the acylation of anisole was also studied over untreated anisole’s high conversion with more selectivity towards the product. Figure 5 shows two resulting methoxypropiophenone selectivity increased by increasing the reaction temperature up to 100 °C, and treated zeolite catalysts for 24 h. It can be observed from Figure 6 that anisole conversion and p‐ peaks that correlated to the two different types of active acid sites. The high-temperature peak was then with a further in temperature up to 120 °C there were slight decreases in conversion and methoxypropiophenone selectivity increased by increasing the reaction temperature up to 100 °C, attributed to the desorption of ammonia from strong Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites [30]. Furthermore, seletchteivnitwy.itThhaisfmuritghhert bine btemcapuesreatoufrethuepinthoib12it0in°gCetfhfecrteowf epr‐emseltighhotxydpecrroepaisoepshienncoonnevwerhsiocnh caannd be the low-temperature peak was attributed to ammonia weakly held or physically adsorbed on the strosneglelcytiavditsyo.rTbheids monigthtebceatbaelcyasutsaetohfigtherinchoinbviteinrgsioefnfercattoesf p[3‐m4]e. tIhnotxhyipsrwopoirokp,htheneohnigehwehsticchocnavnerbseion zeolite, which might be due to the desorption of weakly adsorbed NH3 on weak acidic or non-acidic andstrhoenbgelystasdesloercbteivditoynuthsiencgatahleysZtSaMt h‐i5g‐hCeTr coantavleyrstiownerraetefso[u3n4]d. Itnotbheisawt 1o0rk0,°tCheinhioghrdesetrctonrveearcshio9n0% sites [31], the weak Brønsted acidic sites [32], the Lewis acidic sites [33]; or the silanol groups [30]. and the best selectivity using the ZSM‐5‐CT catalyst were found to be at 100 °C in order to reach 90% of conversion and 96% for selectivity. The overall results of conversion%, yield%, and selectivity% The NH -TPD results confirmed that the untreated zeolite catalyst possesses low acidic properties in of co3nversion and 96% for selectivity. The overall results of conversion%, yield%, and selectivity% are presented in Table 5. Further investigations on the mechanism of this reaction could be carried comparaeripsroensewntietdh tinheTtarbelaet5e.dFzuerothlietreicnavteasltyigstast.ions on the mechanism of this reaction could be carried out and compared with the literature [35,36] in a future publication. out and compared with the literature [35,36] in a future publication. O O OO propionic anhydride OO AnisoAlenisole O ZSM-5 (with or without treatments) ZSM-5 (with or without treatments) SScchheSemcmhem11.e.R1e.eaRacettaiiocotniopnapthahtwhwayayfofrorFFrireieddeel-‐l‐Crraftsacylationoffanisiisosolelleaanandndpprporrpoipopinioincniaiccnahanynhdhyryidreri.didee.. 2.2x-210-2 2.2x10 (a) -2 2.0x-210 (a) 2.0x10 (b) 1.8x10-2 (c) TCD Signal (a.u.) TCD Signal (a.u.) 1.8x10-2 (d) 1.6x10-2 (e) 1.6x10-2 (e) 1.4x10-2 1.4x10-2 1.2x10-2 1.2x10-2 1.0x10-2 1.0x10-2 8.0x10-3 8.0x10-3 6.0x10-3 6.0x10-3 -3 4.0x10 4.0x10-3 -3 2.0x10 2.0x10-30.0 0.0 200 200 250 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 500 550 (d) (b) (c) Temperature (C) 300 350 400 450 Temperature (C) Figure 5. NH3‐TPD profiles of (a) ZSM‐5, (b) ZSM‐5‐Na, (c) ZSM‐5‐T, (d) ZSM‐5‐C and (e) ZSM‐5‐CT. Figure 5. NH3-TPD profiles of (a) ZSM-5, (b) ZSM-5-Na, (c) ZSM-5-T, (d) ZSM-5-C and (e) ZSM-5-CT. Figure 5. NH3‐TPD profiles of (a) ZSM‐5, (b) ZSM‐5‐Na, (c) ZSM‐5‐T, (d) ZSM‐5‐C and (e) ZSM‐5‐CT. Table 4. Determination of total acidity of untreated and treated zeolites using NH3‐TPD analysis. Table 4 summarizes the results obtained from the NH3-TPD measurements. It has been found that the treated zeolite catalyst with a mixed surfactant template to form ZSM-5-CT is the most active form Table 4. Determination of total acidity of untreated and treated zeolites using NH3‐TPD analysis. in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of anisole with propionic anhydride, giving 90% conversion and 96% selectivity toward p-methoxypropiophenone. The effect of reaction temperatures of 60, 80, 100, and 120 ◦C on the acylation of anisole was also studied over untreated and treated zeolite catalysts for 24 h. It can be observed from Figure 6 that anisole conversion and p-methoxypropiophenone selectivity increased by increasing the reaction temperature up to 100 ◦C, then with a further in temperature up to 120 ◦C there were slight decreases in conversion and selectivity. This might be because of the inhibiting effect of p-methoxypropiophenone which can be strongly adsorbed on the catalyst at higher conversion rates [34]. In this work, the highest conversion and the best selectivity using the ZSM-5-CT O OOO OOOPDF Image | Synthesis of Uniform Mesoporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Catalyst
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