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The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 1: Introduction Figure 2. The number of countries with polices that directly support investment in hydrogen technologies is increasing, along with the number of sectors they target. By mid-2019 the total number of targets, mandates and policy incentives in place globally to directly support hydrogen was around 50 (Figure 2). Those that are sector-specific cover six main areas, with transport being by far the largest. Among the Group of Twenty (G20) and the European Union, 11 have such policies in place and 9 have national roadmaps for hydrogen energy. In the past year alone, many governments made notable hydrogen-related announcements (Table 1). Over the past few years, global spending on hydrogen energy research, development and demonstration (RD&D) by national governments has risen, although it remains lower than the 2008 peak (Figure 3). Policies directly supporting hydrogen deployment by target application Passenger cars Vehicle refuelling stations Buses Electrolysers Trucks Buildings heat and power Power generation Industry Other fleet vehicles Combined incentives with targets Targets without incentives Incentives without targets 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of countries Note: Based on available data up to May 2019. Source: IEA analysis and government surveys in collaboration with IEA Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme; IPHE (2019), Country Updates. Figure 3. 1 200 800 400 Government RD&D budgets for hydrogen and fuel cells China RoW Europe Japan United States Notes: Government spending includes European Commission funding, but does not include sub-national funding, which can be significant in some countries. 2018e = estimated; RoW = rest of world. Source: IEA (2018a), RD&D Statistics. 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018e PAGE | 20 IEA. All rights reserved. USD (2018) millionPDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
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