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The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 5: Opportunities for hydrogen in transport, buildings and power Road transport Light-duty FCEVs receive most public attention when it comes to the direct use of hydrogen in mobility applications today. FCEVs have, however, also been deployed for material handling applications (mainly forklifts), buses, trains and trucks.41 How is hydrogen used in road transport today? Cars Cars account for the vast majority of fuel cell power deployed in road transport (E4tech, 2018). About 4 000 fuel cell electric cars were sold in 2018 to reach a total stock of 11 200 units (Figure 50), an increase of 56% over the previous year (AFC TCP, 2018). This is still a small number compared with the 2018 BEV stock of 5.1 million (IEA, 2019a) or the global car stock of more than 1 billion. The United States accounts for about half of registered FCEVs, followed by Japan (about a quarter), the European Union (11%, primarily in Germany and France) and Korea (8%). Almost all passenger car FCEVs are made by Toyota, Honda and Hyundai, although Mercedes- Benz has recently begun leasing and selling limited volumes of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a fuel cell. Figure 50. 12 500 10 000 7 500 5 000 2 500 0 Fuel cell electric cars in circulation, 2017–18 Others China Rest of Europe France Germany Korea Japan United States 2017 2018 Source: AFC TCP (2019), AFC TCP Survey on the Number of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, Hydrogen Refuelling Stations and Targets. About 4 000 fuel cell electric cars were sold in 2018, growth of almost 56% over the previous year, but this still represents a small fraction of the global light-duty vehicle fleet. Buses, trucks and other goods vehicles Hydrogen fuel cell electric forklifts are already commercially viable as replacements for existing battery electric forklifts42 and it is estimated that 25 000 forklifts have fuel cells globally. In the 41 The success of FCEVs in the forklift market comes from their need to use significant amounts of electricity and the strict tailpipe emissions requirements that they are subject to, since they often operate in enclosed environments where internal combustion engines would result in high human exposure to exhaust gases. 42 The economics derive from high utilisation, fast charging, small grid charges and better use of capital (i.e. no batteries are offline when being charged). One critical prerequisite is the high utilisation of the hydrogen fuelling station through a captive forklift fleet. PAGE | 126 IEA. All rights reserved. Number of FCEV carsPDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
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