PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 146
The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 5: Opportunities for hydrogen in transport, buildings and power Table 7. These potential applications could be attractive in a wide range of countries where the provision of heat is important and where it is has to be provided in large part to existing buildings. Buildings that are more than 25 years old (and that typically have energy-intensive heating loads) represent around three-quarters of the total buildings stock in the European Union, for example (FCH 2 JU, 2019), while around two-thirds of buildings in the United States and Canada were built before 1990 (OEE, 2018; EIA, 2015; EIA, 2012). Existing buildings, many of them decades old, will continue to represent a sizeable share of the overall buildings stock in the future (Table 7). This means that a certain level of heat demand is already largely “locked in” for several decades to come. One major advantage of hydrogen blends, direct hydrogen use and indirect hydrogen use for district heating and cooling is that they can make use of existing infrastructure. While technically feasible, other potential solutions would require major new infrastructure, which would inevitably be very costly. Another major advantage is that hydrogen use in buildings could potentially find synergies with the wider energy system that make it attractive in terms of the overall system cost of low- carbon transitions. Other potential solutions might find this a tougher challenge. For instance, full electrification of heat, even using high-efficiency heat pumps, could lead to large seasonal imbalances in power demand, especially if major building energy efficiency improvements are not delivered in parallel (IEA, 2019c). This would potentially require large-scale peak power or energy storage capacity. Partially or entirely replacing natural gas with biomethane also has limitations: in the European Union, for example, natural gas use for heat in buildings represented around 90times biomethane production in 2016 (EBA, 2017). Global biogas production would need to increase 20-fold to meet current natural gas demand in the buildings sector. The global buildings stock and share of gas in heat production in 2017 Region Floor area (billion m2) Heat demand per capita, MWh Share of natural gas in heat Estimated share of existing buildings in 2050 stock North America* 37 7.6 61% 55% European Union* Russia* India Latin America World 29 7.2 5 10.7 21 0.4 12 1.0 235 2.4 43% 57% 35% 55% 4% 17% 27% 32% 41% 39% Other advanced economies* 13 4.9 33% 53% China* 58 2.2 17% 50% Africa 21 0.3 10% 18% Other emerging economies* 39 1.2 44% 31% * Indicates markets with major heating demand as a share of total final energy consumption in the buildings sector. Russia = the Russian Federation; China = the People’s Republic of China. Notes: m2 = square metre. Excludes traditional use of solid biomass and does not include natural gas use in production of commercial heat. Source: IEA 2019. All rights reserved. PAGE | 146 IEA. All rights reserved.PDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
PDF Search Title:
The Future of Hydrogen 2019Original File Name Searched:
the_future_of_hydrogen.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)