PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 148
The Future of Hydrogen Chapter 5: Opportunities for hydrogen in transport, buildings and power Shares higher than 20% hydrogen in the natural gas network could be achieved through hydrogen-based fuels. However, injecting synthetic methane, which would avoid the need to replace existing equipment in most instances, would likely raise gas prices much higher than pure hydrogen blends per unit of energy delivered. 100% hydrogen use for heating From the perspective of costs, 100% hydrogen use in buildings (e.g. via a fuel cell or hydrogen boiler) appears most attractive for relatively large commercial buildings or building complexes, and for district energy networks. Fuel cells, co-generation units or other hybrid systems could be used in such cases with energy storage capacity (provided by thermal storage or via a district energy network) to meet heating, cooling and electricity demand, taking advantage of on-site renewables or low electricity prices. Fuel cell and co-generation technologies could equally be used in district energy networks, which when paired with storage (either thermal or hydrogen) could improve power system balancing across the year, avoiding large seasonal peaks and enabling greater flexibility in the grid. Paired with large-scale heat pumps, those district energy solutions could also dramatically increase the overall efficiency of heat production for buildings. For the broader buildings market, particularly for residential housing, the prospects for hydrogen conversion in the longer term will depend on several critical factors, notably hydrogen price and technology cost. Prices of hydrogen delivered to consumers would likely need to be in the range of USD 1.5–3.0/kgH2 in many major heating markets for hydrogen to compete with natural gas boilers and electric heat pumps (Figure 60).52 Higher final prices in the range of USD 3–4/kgH2 might still be competitive with natural gas prices in some countries or for some building types (and eventual CO2 pricing would narrow that spread), while in other countries with low gas prices, such as Canada, prices would probably need to be below USD 1/kgH2. Figure 60. Potential hydrogen demand for heating in buildings and spread of competitive energy prices in selected markets, 2030 84 63 42 21 00 Canada United Japan Korea Western Russia China States Europe Hydrogen demand Competitive with gas boiler (right axis) Competitive with electric heat pump (right axis) Notes: Prices are average retail prices, including taxes, in USD 2017. Natural gas demand is for space heating and hot water production and includes building envelope improvements to 2030 under a Paris-compatible pathway. Competitiveness of electric heat pumps assumes a typical seasonal efficiency of the heat pump in those countries. Price competitiveness does not include capital costs of the equipment. Source: IEA 2019. All rights reserved. Final energy prices for hydrogen are likely to have to be in the range USD 1.5–3.0/kgH2 in major heating markets in order to compete with natural gas and electricity in providing heat in buildings. 52 This also depends on the type of heat pump, its efficiency in the prevailing climate and the building’s energy performance. PAGE | 148 IEA. All rights reserved. Hydrogen price (USD per kg) MtPDF Image | The Future of Hydrogen 2019
PDF Search Title:
The Future of Hydrogen 2019Original File Name Searched:
the_future_of_hydrogen.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)