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multi-component mixtures can be described by the aid of the Maxwell-Stefan model as Krishna and co-workers impressively have been demonstrated over the past years [99–103]. For further reading on modelling the permeation through zeolite membranes a recent review by Rangnekar et al. is recommended [42]. The permeation through the zeolite membrane is controlled by either shape selectivity, diffusion or adsorption properties [12]. Considering shape selectivity, the separation ability of a membrane is based on retaining components larger in size than the zeolite membrane pores and permeation of only the smaller components [65,104–106]. For mixtures having components with similar adsorption properties the gas transport is determined by the mobility of molecules inside the zeolite pores. Exemplarily, the diffusion controlled permeation was demonstrated for n-butane/i-butane mixtures in MFI membranes [107–109]. In detail, both components show strong adsorption in the zeolite so that the permeation is mainly governed by the diffusion mobilities of the components. For mixtures comprising components with different adsorption and diffusion properties the selective gas transport is predominantly controlled by adsorption. So for example, for hydrogen/n-butane and methane/n-butane mixtures the permeation fluxes of the less adsorbing components, in these cases hydrogen and methane, respectively, are significantly suppressed by the strongly adsorbing component n-butane. Thereby, the arising higher occupancy of n-butane leads to a higher driving force for its diffusion [99,110]. Similarly, for mixtures of ethane and i-butane the passage of ethane through the membrane was retained by pore blocking effect caused by the stronger adsorption of i-butane on the MFI zeolite [111]. For sorption-driven separation processes the transport through porous single-crystal membranes [112] further adopted for zeolite membrane [113] was described by a five-step transport model, including: (1) molecule adsorption from the gas phase at the external surface of the zeolite; (2) transport from the external surface into the pores; (3) intracrystalline transport; (4) transport from the pores to the external surface and (5) desorption from the external surface to the gas phase. For mixtures comprising strongly and weakly adsorbing components, the membrane performance is significantly affected by the operating parameters—pressure and temperature. In this regard, by employing experimental configurations with varying operating conditions the significance of adsorption and diffusion [67,114], desorption [115] as well as condensation [116] was recently demonstrated by our group for the separation of methane/n-butane mixtures by MFI membranes. As shown until now, zeolite membranes could offer diverse separation properties. According to the specific needs of a process, the type of membranes but also their localization to the reaction zone has to be well-chosen. In the following subchapter the advantages of implementing zeolite membranes in catalytic reactions are reviewed for spatial decoupled processes before we proceed with arrays of membranes and catalysts in close contact with each other in the following main chapters. 9PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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