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configuration and is considered a promising concept to overcome limitations in the performance of catalytic reactors [22,30,137–140]. 3. MembraneReactorConcepts According to the IUPAC definition, a membrane reactor couples a chemical reaction and a membrane-based separation process in the same unit so as to intensify the whole process [141]. Generally, for this purpose permselective and non-permselective membranes can be employed in different membrane reactor configurations as show in FFigiguurere3. Classifification offmmeemmbbrraanerereaacctotorrcocnofinfgiguurarattiionsaaccocordrdiingtotommemembrbarnanee fufunnctcitoino,na,fatefrtecrocnovnenvteionntiaolncalalscsliafiscsaitfiiocnasti[o2n3s,2[62,32,92,61,4229,1432],1.43]. Figure 3. Catalysts 2015, 5 2169 On the one hand, depending on how permselective membranes are combined with catalysts in the On the one hand, depending on how permselective membranes are combined reactor unit, membrane reactors can be divided generally into packed bed membrane reactors (PBMR) with catalysts in the reactor unit, membrane reactors can be divided generally into and catalytic membrane reactors (CMR). On the other hand, the membrane utilized in the membrane packed bed membrane reactors (PBMR) and catalytic membrane reactors (CMR). reactor can also be non-permselective so that further membrane reactor configurations are possible, On the other hand, the membrane utilized in the membrane reactor can also be namely non-permselective membrane reactors (NMR) with direct contact to a catalyst bed and catalytic non-permselective so that further membrane reactor configurations are possible, (active) non-permselective membrane reactors (CNMR). Another membrane reactor configuration is namely non-permselective membrane reactors (NMR) with direct contact to a catalyst represented by reactors packed with permselective membrane-coated catalyst particles (PLMR). These bed and catalytic (active) non-permselective membrane reactors (CNMR). Another capsuled particles can be also understood as microscopic structured membrane reactors. mIenmthberafonlelorweiancgt,owrecownafingtutoradtisiocunssisthrepcrleasseinficteadtiobnyorfezaecotloitresmpeamckberadnewsiothnpthermbasiesleocfttihveir fumncetmionbreaitnher-casoeaxtterdactcoar,tadliystsritbuptaortoirclceosnt(aPctLoMr.R).Thesecapsuledparticlescanbealso understood as microscopic structured membrane reactors. and PBMR configurations are included. The membrane has thereby the function to remove selectively 3.1. Extractor Type Zeolite Membrane Reactors In the following, we want to discuss the classification of zeolite membranes on the basis of their function either as extractor, distributor or contactor. As extractors either catalytic or inert permselective membranes can be applied so that here the CMR 3.1. Extractor Type Zeolite Membrane Reactors one or more products from the reaction zone, thus improving the conversion/selectivity/yield in equilibrium limited reactions. Alternatively, the membrane could be employed to supply selective As extractors either catalytic or inert permselective membranes can be applied so reactants from the feed mixture in order to enhance the selectivity. Possible applications of extractors that here the CMR and PBMR configurations are included. The membrane has thereby with either catalytic active permselective membranes in CMR or inert permselective membranes in PBMR configurations are listed in Table 1 and will be discussed in further details in Sections 4 and 5. 13 Although the main focus of this review is laid on permselective membranes some examples considering the application of non-permselective membranes in membrane reactor should be given in the following paragraphs for completeness.PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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